Gertrude P. Kurath

William N. Fenton

Joy Porter

Emily Voegler

Erastus Granger

From the National Archives

She was a missionary at the Cattaraugus Reservation

Smithsonian Institution

Arthur C. Parker

Maris B. Pierce was born at “Old Town” on the Allegany Reservation in 1811, the son of John Pierce. During his youth, he attended a Quaker school on the reservation. Later he was sent to the Fredonia Academy by his father, and then attended 2 years at the Academy in Homer, New York. After his early education, Pierce went to Thetford, Vermont, to study and prepare for college. In 1836, at the age of 25, he entered Dartmouth College, becoming a part of the first generation of college educated Haudenosaunee. The year before graduating, Pierce was appointed as one of the four Seneca attorneys representing the Tonawanda, Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Buffalo Creek Reservations in Washington, D.C. Pierce fought the Treaty of Buffalo Creek of 1838 and assisted in its renegotiation in 1842. After graduating college, he settled on the Buffalo Creek Reservation and continued his advocacy against the removal of Seneca from their lands.

An article about the important Tuscarora artists who depicted scenes of the Buffalo Creek Reservation

Wallace Chafe and others

William N. Fenton. Focuses largely on the Senecas.

Orsamus Holmes Marshall

Notes on field recordings made by the Library of Congress in Western NY & Canada

Seneca language textbook

Laurence M. Hauptman

In the early twentieth century, progressive reformer William Pryor Letchworth hired artist Henry Kirke Bush-Brown to create a sculpture of captive Mary Jemison.

Wallace Chafe

This thesis explores the connections between land alienation, colonialism and religious renewal in the life and teachings of Seneca religious leader Handsome Lake. In 1799, shortly after the arrival of three Quaker Missionaries at the Allegheny settlement of the Seneca Nation, Handsome Lake began to receive visions from the Great Spirit which reaffirmed traditional Seneca cosmology while integrating certain Christian elements. These visions also outlined a new way in which the Seneca ought to live, embodied in the Gaiwiio or “Good Word,” which is still recited on Seneca Reservations every y...

by Wallace Chafe

Thesis, 1967

Better known as the Thomas Indian School.

Maris B. Pierce

At the former Buffalo Creek Reservation

Frederick Houghton