Recently, global public health organizations such as Doctors without Borders (MSF), the World Health Organization (WHO), Public Health Canada, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the U.S. government developed and deployed Field Decontamination Kits (FDKs), a novel, lightweight, compact, reusable decontamination technology to sterilize Ebola-contaminated medical devices at remote clinical sites lacking infra-structure in crisis-stricken regions of West Africa ...The basis for effectuating sterilization with FDKs is chlorine dioxide (ClO2) produced from a patented invention developed by researchers at the US Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center (NSRDEC) ...We review the properties and structures of spores and the mechanisms of bacterial spore inactivation by ClO2... and present in detail assays using spore bio-indicators to ensure sterility when decontaminating with ClO2.

There is a stated Army need for a field-portable, non-steam sterilizer technology that can be used by Forward Surgical Teams, Dental Companies, Veterinary Service Support Detachments, Combat Support Hospitals, and Area Medical Laboratories to sterilize surgical instruments and to sterilize pathologi …

***** "The ClO2 gas concentration, RH and exposure time all significantly and positively correlated with the inactivation of B. subtilis subsp. niger spores." "...can predict a ClO2 gas treatment condition to achieve an effective sterilization of enclosed space"

ABSTRACT: Acidified Oxine (AO) is a mixture of chlorite and chlorine dioxide. At 7.8 ppm available chlorine dioxide (ACD) for 10 min, it reduced 7.4 log CFU/mL of Erwinia carotovora, a potato pathogen, in phosphate buffer. Exposing potatoes to air purged through AO solutions proportionally reduced inoculated E. carotovora. A 40% reduction of spoilage was achieved by exposing to AO of 100 ppm ACD under an accelerated test. AO was demonstrated to be potentially effective in preventing potato spoilage without any significant risks of chemical residual or change of skin color.

"Three gaseous decontamination technologies are examined for their suitability in reducing environmental contamination with C. difficile: gaseous hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide and ozone. Air decontamination and UV-based technologies are also briefly described. We conclude that while there is a role to play for these new technologies in the decontamination of ward surfaces contaminated with C. difficile, the requirement for both a preclean before use and the limited 'in vivo' evidence means that extensive field trials are necessary to determine their cost-effectiveness in a healthcare setting."

A Head-to-Head Comparison of Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor and Aerosol Room Decontamination Systems - Volume 32 Issue 9 - T. Holmdahl, P. Lanbeck, M. Wullt, M. H. Walder

Experts agree that careful cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces are essential elements of effective infection prevention programs. However, traditional manual cleaning and disinfection practices in hospitals are often suboptimal. This is often due in part to a variety of personnel issues that many Environmental Services departments encounter. Failure to follow manufacturer’s recommendations for disinfectant use and lack of antimicrobial activity of some disinfectants against healthcare-associated pathogens may also affect the efficacy of disinfection practices. Improved hydrogen peroxide-based liquid surface disinfectants and a combination product containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide are effective alternatives to disinfectants currently in widespread use, and electrolyzed water (hypochlorous acid) and cold atmospheric pressure plasma show potential for use in hospitals. Creating “self-disinfecting” surfaces by coating medical equipment with metals such as copper or silver, or applying liquid compounds that have persistent antimicrobial activity surfaces are additional strategies that require further investigation. Newer “no-touch” (automated) decontamination technologies include aerosol and vaporized hydrogen peroxide, mobile devices that emit continuous ultraviolet (UV-C) light, a pulsed-xenon UV light system, and use of high-intensity narrow-spectrum (405 nm) light. These “no-touch” technologies have been shown to reduce bacterial contamination of surfaces. A micro-condensation hydrogen peroxide system has been associated in multiple studies with reductions in healthcare-associated colonization or infection, while there is more limited evidence of infection reduction by the pulsed-xenon system. A recently completed prospective, randomized controlled trial of continuous UV-C light should help determine the extent to which this technology can reduce healthcare-associated colonization and infections. In conclusion, continued efforts to improve traditional manual disinfection of surfaces are needed. In addition, Environmental Services departments should consider the use of newer disinfectants and no-touch decontamination technologies to improve disinfection of surfaces in healthcare.

To evaluate the ability of ClO2 to decontaminate pathogens known to cause healthcare-associated infections in a hospital room strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Staphylococcus aureus were spot placed in duplicate pairs at 10 site …

Up to 10-log reductions were achieved in an ambulance interior following exposure to ClO2, indicating that gas concentrations needed to mitigate biological agent contamination can be achieved and maintained safely in an ambulance. Future studies are ongoing to evaluate gaseous ClO2 in other environm …

CD treatment of indoor furnishings contaminated with bioterrorism agents is poorly understood. Efficacy testing of decontamination products in a controlled environment is needed to ensure that effective methods are used to decontaminate domestic and workplace settings. An experimental room supplied with materials used in office furnishings (i.e., wood laminate, painted metal, and vinyl tile) was used with controlled dry aerosol releases of endospores of Bacillus atrophaeus (“ Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger ,” also referred to as BG), a Bacillus anthracis surrogate. Studies were performed using two test products, a foam decontaminant and chlorine dioxide gas. Surface samples were collected pre- and posttreatment with three sampling methods and analyzed by culture and quantitative PCR (QPCR). Additional aerosol releases with environmental background present on the surface materials were also conducted to determine if there was any interference with decontamination or sample analysis. Culture results indicated that 105 to 106 CFU per sample were present on surfaces before decontamination. After decontamination with the foam, no culturable B. atrophaeus spores were detected. After decontamination with chlorine dioxide gas, no culturable B. atrophaeus was detected in 24 of 27 samples (89%). However, QPCR analysis showed that B. atrophaeus DNA was still present after decontamination with both methods. Environmental background material had no apparent effect on decontamination, but inhibition of the QPCR assay was observed. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of two decontamination methods and illustrate the utility of surface sampling and QPCR analysis for the evaluation of decontamination strategies.

CD fumigation at 200 and 3,000 ppm

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SAN ANTONIO - School districts across the San Antonio area are responding to concerns over the coronavirus. East Central ISD is one of several school districts to send messages to parents saying it is preparing for the coronavirus. Local school districts address parents' concerns over coronavirus. “The students know that we are being proactive and so do the parents,” said Brandon Oliver, communications director for East Central ISD.

Vineland Public Schools Superintendent Mary Gruccio said she is drafting an action plan for possible extended school closures due to COVID-19.

UPDATE — A team of specially trained Alabama National Guard troops is expected Saturday at the Bill Nichols State Veterans Home as part of a mission to stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus at nursing homes around the state. In a news release issued today, the state Department of Public Health said Guard troops will be disinfecting nursing homes where patients and employees have tested positive for COVID-19 and will train staff at the homes in the proper use of personal protective equipment. Read more.

How Bailey Coach Service switched gears from transportation to sanitizing service amid the coronavirus outbreak

The inanimate hospital environment can become contaminated with nosocomial pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) decontamination has proven effective for the eradication of persistent environmental contamination. We investigated the extent of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), va …

The hospital environment can sometimes harbour methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) but is not generally regarded as a major source of MRSA infection. We conducted a prospective study in surgical wards of a London teaching hospital affected by MRSA, and compared the effectiveness of st …

****{Clordisys excellent CD info} Vapor disinfection: "CD concentration is typically only 360 ppm." "Acidic by-products generated by most other liquid methods can cause harm to equipment and surfaces. CD-TABS (TM) create a neutral pH solution and won't cause these issues" "Pinworm eggs require a chlorine dioxide dosage twice the normal sterilization level"

There is a stated Army need for a field-portable, non-steam sterilizer technology that can be used by Forward Surgical Teams, Dental Companies, Veterinary Service Support Detachments, Combat Support Hospitals, and Area Medical Laboratories to sterilize ...