Air CD Disinf--High Concentration

****!!!!****!!!!**** Efficacy of chlorine dioxide (CD) gas generated by two distinct generation systems, Sabre (wet system with gas generated in water) and ClorDiSys (dry system with gas generated in air)" "exposure time is more critical than CT as long as the concentration is maintained within a target range. Additionally, in future building cleanup efforts, lower concentrations may be favored in many instances to avoid issues with material or equipment compatibility" "The CD dose required for complete spore kill on biological indicators (typically, 1E6 spores of Bacillus atrophaeus on stainless steel) was significantly less than that required for decontamination of most of the building materials tested." "for all of the other five materials, the time required to achieve successful fumigation was determined to be independent of the fumigant concentrations used"

Fogging Chemical Disinfectant is a highly refined blend of oxychloro species containing purified sodium chlorite. ...

****!!!!**** ClO₂ Tablets and Sachets are sold separately from dispersion containers.

Safely & Quickly ClO₂ Gas Vapor Any Confined Space Chlorine Dioxide is unique in that it is a water soluble gas which can be activated and used to clean,

"In addition, the sterilizer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygenated water, chlorine dioxide water, hypochlorous acid water, ozone water, a tetravalent ammonium chloride solution, and electrolyzed water."

{Sabre} "The invention provides methods of using chlorine dioxide gas for the fumigation of building spaces,... under safe conditions."

****!!!!****!!!! "You will simply need to drop chlorine dioxide tablets into water, place an aerator hose into the chlorine dioxide solution, and turn on the aerator. Chlorine dioxide vapor will be dispersed throughout the enclosed space, removing all offensive smells. The system can work in as quickly as 50 minutes, so you can eliminate odors much faster than you could with other products."

[Includes full download "Evaluation of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Generator: Evaluation of Sporicidal"] The objective of testing the Sabre chlorine dioxide gas generator was to evaluate its ability to decontaminate Bacillus anthracis Ames spores and two surrogates, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659) and Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 12980), on indoor surface materials."

Search Results ICON Safety Co., Inc. Gas monitors BW Technologies RAE Systems GfG Gas Clip Technologies, confined space gas sniffer H2S gas clips calibration gases and Occupational Health and Safety Equipment.

Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Norovirus is shed in high numbers in the feces and vomitous of infected individuals. Contact surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids harboring infectious virus particles ...

****!!!! "Successful airborne disinfection of larger rooms by aPAA-HP is mainly influenced by surface temperature differences." "minor condensation occurred on a few germ carriers and some horizontal surfaces of the room fittings, especially those with slightly lower temperatures." "its germ carriers failed to reach the required 4-log10 reduction at locations with elevated surface temperatures, e.g., on illuminated ceiling lamps at locations 4 and 23 (in total, there were 13 fluorescent tubes in both rooms) and on the wall and floor next to an autoclave or a tissue digestor at location 10 or 19, respectively (Fig. 3a and ​andcc and Table S4). The data loggers, necropsy equipment, room surfaces, and electronic components remained unaffected during all testing and validation runs."

****!!!!****!!!! "Under the tested treatment conditions, the highest population of surviving spores was found on the paper surface and the lowest was found on the plastic surface (p .05). The 5 mg/L ClO2 gas treatment inactivated 2.5, 3.6, 4.0, and 4.9 log spores per surface on paper, wood, epoxy, and plastic surfaces, respectively. A greater than 5-log reduction of spores was achieved on each surface after the 15 mg/L ClO2 gas treatment. The minimum ClO2 gas concentration needed to completely inactivate the inoculated spores was 30 mg/L for paper and wood surfaces, 25 mg/L for epoxy surfaces, and 20 mg/L for plastic surfaces."

{Pharmaceutical, etc}

"Other studies have shown 1.55 to 1.92 log kill rates on Bacillus subtilis on untreated gypsum wall board for commercially available bleach as well as for chlorine dioxide at 500 ppm" " The chlorine dioxide used was a commercially available product available at 0.05% chlorine dioxide (500 ppm) aqueous solution (Biocide, Inc., Stamford, CT). The distilled water had a negative kill rate and the chlorine dioxide had no effective kill rate (thus there was no antimicrobial effect). This could have been from the reaction with the gypsum board, thus reducing the oxidizing potential of the chlorine dioxide. " "Despite its effectiveness, chlorine dioxide has shown to be damaging to materials as well (Orlusky, 2005). Because all of these decontamination methods are at least somewhat hazardous to aircraft materials, they cannot be used on Air Force aircraft (AFRL, 2008) [possibly at least at levels that are effective against anthrax]"

"Hospital room decontamination protocols utilizing chlorine dioxide gas concentrations of 377 to 385 ppm maintained to exposures of 767 ppm-hours with 65% relative humidity consistently achieved complete inactivation of B. anthracis and B. atrophaeus spores." "This study translates laboratory chlorine dioxide fumigation studies applied in a complex clinical environment."

observation of the effect of chlorine dioxide gas on the disinfection effect of air and surfaces

"chlorine dioxide gas was mixed in a scientifically proportioned manner with sodium chlorite, sodium bisulfate and sodium ascorbate. under normal temperature conditions in the biosafety cabinet, the concentration of 6000mg/m3 of gas chlorine dioxide can be used for 30 minutes to completely kill the spores of bacillus subtilis black variety on the carrier"

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"the gas chlorine dioxide has a significant killing effect on Aspergillus aflatogenes. 8.5 mg/L of gas chlorine dioxide acted on the surface of sweet buckwheat for 30 min, and the sterilization rate reached 98.4%, and the gas chlorine dioxide of 4.5 mg/L acted on the surface of buckwheat for 10 min, and the sterilization rate reached 99.9%."

****!!!!****!!!! (2000)

"The currently used microbial decontamination method for spacecraft and components uses dry-heat microbial reduction at temperatures of 110°C for extended periods..." "However, in comparison, chlorine dioxide required an exposure period of 60 min to reduce both B. atrophaeus and G. stearothermophilus by 5 logs."

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****!!!!**** "Collection of a positive sample from a distance more than 2 m away from the nearest patient traffic implies the virus was in an aerosol." "A pilot SARS-CoV-2 air sampling study conducted at a clinic within a university student health care center" "Following detection of SARS-CoV-2 in air by our March 20 air-sampling study, remediation was accomplished by performing a 2-day decontamination process using a stabilized chlorine dioxide solution (VitalOxide™) delivered through a handheld electrostatic mist sprayer"

"A six (6) log reduction in viable spores can be obtained for the subway infrastructure materials by ClO2 fumigation if the temperature is at or above 24 °C combined with RH greater than 75%. These conditions occur both for 12 h fumigation at 230 ppmv ClO2 or 4 h at 3500 ppmv ClO2. No six log reduction in viable spores was observed at realistic (winter) temperatures in a subway environment (11-13 °C and 70-80% RH) for periods of fumigation that are otherwise efficacious at 24 °C/ 75% RH. Extending the fumigation time at this low temperature to 24 h at approximately 200 ppmv ClO2 or 9 h at 3300 ppmv ClO2 did not improve efficacy. Further research is recommended to identify whether efficacious ClO2 fumigation conditions may occur at low temperatures through, e.g., a pre-wetting of building surfaces immediately prior to fumigation."

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