Air CD Disinf--High Concentration

Air CD Disinf--High Concentration

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Chlorine Dioxide is a Better Disinfectant than Sodium Hypochlorite against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii - PubMed
Chlorine Dioxide is a Better Disinfectant than Sodium Hypochlorite against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii - PubMed
In this study, we evaluated and compared the antibacterial activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on various multidrug-resistant strains in the presence of bovine serum albumin and sheep erythrocytes to mimic the blood contamination that frequently occurs in the clinical …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Chlorine Dioxide is a Better Disinfectant than Sodium Hypochlorite against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii - PubMed
Application of Gaseous ClO2 on Disinfection and Air Pollution Control: A Mini Review
Application of Gaseous ClO2 on Disinfection and Air Pollution Control: A Mini Review
****!!! (2020) ClO2 gas used to decontaminate a 4800 161m3 facility with a total ClO2 dosage of 400 ppm per hr in a single evening. "In addition, the oxidation of air pollutants such as NOx, SOx, Hg, and VOCs using ClO2 gas has been successfully demonstrated in recent research." "When ClO2 gas dissolved into aqueous solution, the reactivity of ClO2 with organic compounds is predominant to in the gas phase because of existenceof organic compounds in water generally in low concentration."
·aaqr.org·
Application of Gaseous ClO2 on Disinfection and Air Pollution Control: A Mini Review
Effect of temperature on chlorine dioxide inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on spinach, tomatoes, stainless steel, and glass surfaces - PubMed
Effect of temperature on chlorine dioxide inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on spinach, tomatoes, stainless steel, and glass surfaces - PubMed
******{Chlorine Dioxide effectiveness against pathogens and residual levels are both higher at colder temperatures} "Foodborne pathogens were processed in a treatment chamber with 20 ppmv ClO2 gas at 15 or 25 °C under the same conditions of absolute humidity (11.2-12.3 g/m3) for up to 30 min. As treatment time increased, ClO2 gas treatment at 15 °C caused significantly more (p < 0.05) inactivation of the three pathogens than treatment at 25 °C. ClO2 gas treatment at 25 °C for 30 min" "Residual ClO2 levels after gas treatment at 15 °C were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those at 25 °C."
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Effect of temperature on chlorine dioxide inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on spinach, tomatoes, stainless steel, and glass surfaces - PubMed
Workshop on Decontamination, Cleanup and Associated Issues for Sites Contaminated with Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Materials
Workshop on Decontamination, Cleanup and Associated Issues for Sites Contaminated with Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Materials
Much valuable info. {Chlorine dioxide gas treatment "yellowed wall paint and corroded aluminum."} {Re. decontamination of Hart building from anthrax. "Obtaining insurance also contributed significantly to project delays... A public relations firm provided community relations support. In addition, the project had the mayor’s support. Sabre was open about their activities and made themselves available to community groups and media outlets. Sabre held process demonstrations and arranged a round-table discussion for the community the day before the scheduled fumigation."} {"...decisions about reoccupation are made by the local health agencies, so CDC responses to an incident must be carefully crafted and must respect the command structure."} { "...evaluating active moieties in uniforms for personal protection. Catalysts, such as metal oxides, activated carbon, and polyoxometalates would be included in uniform fabrics to improve personnel protection from chemical agents vapors."} {"...found that the hydrogen peroxide concentration decreases as a function of flow rate,temperature, and distance traveled along the ductwork. These results indicate a need for increased injection rates or multiple injection points. Condensation is a concern when increasing the injection rate. } {"...identified significant materials effects for ozone and chlorine dioxide, significant disinfectant effects, significant concentration effects, rapid decay in consumption rates (for ozone and chlorine dioxide), and non-zero endpoints...Ceiling tiles and office partitions continued to be consumers of chlorine dioxide and ozone throughout the disinfection phase... " "...was tested to prove that *chlorine* gas was not formed."}
·hsdl.org·
Workshop on Decontamination, Cleanup and Associated Issues for Sites Contaminated with Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Materials
Ozone vs Chlorine Dioxide for odor removal
Ozone vs Chlorine Dioxide for odor removal
Learn more about why the NonScents Pro team uses chlorine dioxide instead of ozone gas to fight odors at the source. Contact us today to learn more or to schedule odor removal services in Phoenix or San Diego!
·nonscentspro.com·
Ozone vs Chlorine Dioxide for odor removal
Development of an online biosensor for in situ monitoring of chlorine dioxide gas disinfection efficacy
Development of an online biosensor for in situ monitoring of chlorine dioxide gas disinfection efficacy
A prototype bioluminescence-based biosensor was designed and constructed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO{sub 2}) gas under various treatment conditions. The biosensor consisted of a bioluminescent bioreporter (Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL), an optical transducer (photomultiplier tube), and a light-tight chamber housing, the bioreporter and the transducer. The bioluminescent recombinant P. fluorescens 5RL in the biosensor allowed for online monitoring of bioluminescence during ClO{sub 2} gas disinfection. Experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of th...
·osti.gov·
Development of an online biosensor for in situ monitoring of chlorine dioxide gas disinfection efficacy
Effect of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide on Indoor Microbial Contaminants, bioaerosols
Effect of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide on Indoor Microbial Contaminants, bioaerosols
****** "ClO2 gas was effective in reducing culturable and total fungi and bacteria in indoor air. The reduction of total count on surfaces was less efficient. The treatment process appeared to have no effect or increase the concentrations of endotoxin and (133)--D-glucan, which have been associated with respiratory symptoms in some individuals." "Endotoxin concentrations before and after ClO2 treatment were 10.32 and 18.59 endotoxin units per cubicmeter (EU/m3), respectively. Paired tests comparing endotoxin concentrations before and after treatment showed no significant difference. " "House tented decontamination: Greater than 650 ppm in air for 12.5 hours" "Both the total microscopic count and the PCR count obtained for air samples decreased significantly. This could be caused by direct reduction of spores in the air or reduction of spores on surfaces that would serve as the source for the airborne spores. However, no decrease was observed in the semiquantitative analysis of amount of spores and hyphae in the stickytape samples collected from surfaces."
·tandfonline.com·
Effect of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide on Indoor Microbial Contaminants, bioaerosols
Total Decontamination Cost of the Anthrax Letter Attacks
Total Decontamination Cost of the Anthrax Letter Attacks
All of the costs associated with decontamination following the 2001 anthrax letter attacks were summarized, estimated, and aggregated based on existing literature and news media reports. A comprehe...
·www.liebertpub.com·
Total Decontamination Cost of the Anthrax Letter Attacks
CNN.com - Fumigation largely succeeding in clearing anthrax - December 14, 2001
CNN.com - Fumigation largely succeeding in clearing anthrax - December 14, 2001
The heavily contaminated Hart Senate Office Building is closer to being cleared of its anthrax infestation, environmental officials said Friday. They said a chlorine dioxide cleansing has significantly reduced the presence of potentially deadly bacteria spores.
·www.cnn.com·
CNN.com - Fumigation largely succeeding in clearing anthrax - December 14, 2001
Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide as an Alternative for Bedbug Control
Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide as an Alternative for Bedbug Control
"The gas was absorbed by the activated char-coal, and no liquid or other material was generated. The gaswas cleared from the room during the aeration process inapproximately 30 minutes to the safe concentration of 0.1ppm; however, the smell of the gas was present in the roomfor 2–3 hours following completion of the protocol."
·clordisys.com·
Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide as an Alternative for Bedbug Control
Chlorine dioxide reactions with indoor materials during building disinfection: surface uptake - PubMed
Chlorine dioxide reactions with indoor materials during building disinfection: surface uptake - PubMed
Chlorine dioxide received attention as a building disinfectant in the wake of Bacillus anthracis contamination of several large buildings in the fall of 2001. It is increasingly used for the disinfection of homes and other indoor environments afflicted by mold. However, little is known regarding the …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Chlorine dioxide reactions with indoor materials during building disinfection: surface uptake - PubMed
Evaluation of ambulance decontamination using gaseous chlorine dioxide
Evaluation of ambulance decontamination using gaseous chlorine dioxide
{Used ClorDiSys equipment} 315 ppmmaintained to an exposure of 479 ppm-hours with 65% RH failed to inactivate all five organisms, including both spores and vegetative cells, in the ambulance. Trial 4, maintaining 695 ppm ClO2to 756 ppm-hourswith 55% RH, was sufficient for complete inactivationofA. baumanniiandM. smegmatis vegetative cells within the ambulance, but failed to achieve total inacti-vation ofB. anthracis and B. atrophaeusspores as well as S. aureus vegetative cells located inside the closed cabinet" "The ClO2 gas generator uses a five-phase programmable decontamination protocol to include: 1) preconditioning phase, when the RH is elevated to a specified level and the environment is checked for leaks; 2) conditioning phase, where the desirable RH is maintained for a specified time; 3) charge phase, where the ClO2 gas is generated to a target concentration; 4) exposure phase, where the target concentration of ClO2 is maintained to the specified exposure time; and 5) aeration phase, where the ClO2 is removed from the decontamination area"
·nasemso.org·
Evaluation of ambulance decontamination using gaseous chlorine dioxide
Systematic Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide in Decontamination of Building Interior Surfaces Contaminated with Anthrax Spores
Systematic Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide in Decontamination of Building Interior Surfaces Contaminated with Anthrax Spores
Efficacy of chlorine dioxide (CD) gas generated by *two distinct generation systems*, Sabre (wet system with gas generated in water) and ClorDiSys (dry system with gas generated in air), was evaluated for inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores on six ...
·ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Systematic Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide in Decontamination of Building Interior Surfaces Contaminated with Anthrax Spores
Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials
Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials
****!!!!****!!!!**** "Spray-applied solutions of ClO2 at measured concentrations of 3000−4000 ppm were effective against B. anthracis on several nonporous building surfaces but ineffective or not consistently effective on porous surfaces and soils" "If porous materials (carpet and particle board) were immersed in a 1000 ppm, 6 LR of B. anthracis was achieved. Improved effcacy through immersion at a lower concentration suggests that the limited effcacy of spray-applied liquids could be due to spray-application parameters (e.g., droplet size or insuffcient number of applications). ****!!!!!*** Perhaps ClO2 in the aqueous phase could be lost through volatilization from spray droplets or from the wetted surface during the application." "Aqueous solutions of ClO2 5000− 6000 mg/L were produced via easy-use product with sodium chlorite and sodium bisulfate. When applied as a ***fog,*** the ClO2 solutions were effective on a number of materials." "spore populations of B. subtilis... effective decontamination using ClO2 gas levels ranging from 350 to 750 ppm. In a series of six small-chamber experiments conducted at either 100 or 200 ppm of ClO2 (75% RH, 24 °C; CTs ranging from 2 to 12 h), several building materials were effectively decontaminated" "aqueous ClO2 can be generated electrochemically using sodium chlorite and sodium bromide." "relatively cooler temperature that may be encountered in a subway system (11 °C), the lower temperature greatly diminished the decontamination effcacy128 In this same study, lowering RH from 75 to 50% (at 24 °C) also greatly reduced effcacy."
·ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Review of Decontamination Techniques for the Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis and Other Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated with Building or Outdoor Materials
Chlorine Dioxide CIO2 Odor Eliminator | Biocide Systems™
Chlorine Dioxide CIO2 Odor Eliminator | Biocide Systems™
Biocide Systems™ provides natural effective products containing CIO2 to eliminate the toughest odors such as urine, mildew, & cigarettes in autos, homes, apartments, & RVs.
·biocidesystems.com·
Chlorine Dioxide CIO2 Odor Eliminator | Biocide Systems™
Medical Devices and Potential for Utilizing Other Sterilization Modalities
Medical Devices and Potential for Utilizing Other Sterilization Modalities
Nov 2019. Specifically for *sterilization*. Clearance under 510(k). "Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) sterilization is a chemical-based sterilization method. The active sterilant is the gas phase of ClO2. The gas phase of ClO2 can readily penetrate device packaging and sterilize medical devices through an oxidative mechanism at low sterilant concentration at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. This sterilization process is validated using the overkill method to achieve a sterility assurance level of 10-6. The residues formed during this sterilization process are chlorine dioxide, chlorates, and chlorite that have low toxicity concerns from the reported literature. Although material compatibility information is limited, ClO2 is not known to be incompatible with the most commonly used materials in medical devices such as stainless steel and some polymers."
·fda.gov·
Medical Devices and Potential for Utilizing Other Sterilization Modalities