Air CD Disinf--Low Concentrations

****!!!!****!!!! {Abstract} "At extremely low concentrations (about 30 parts per billion), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas can inactivate airborne microbes and prevent respiratory disease. It has no toxic effect on animals at this level. However, the temperature dependence of the gas analyzer was found. Therefore, ***data correction is required for each temperature at which gas concentration is measured***. A theoretical analysis of the gas concentrations predicted by the rate of ClO2 gas released from the ClO2 generator was also performed."

"American foulbrood disease is an economically important, reportable bacterial infection of honey bees" "Sporicidal efficacy was dependent on treatment time and gas concentration with effective ClO2 concentrations of 645 ng/ml for 30 min, 195 ng/ml for 1 h, 21 ng/ml for 2 h, or 16 ng/ml for 4 h. Treatment of surfaces with 230 ng/ml ClO2 for one h or 195 ng/ml ClO2 for 2 h completely inactivated P. larvae spores."

****!!!!****!!!!**** "Decontamination of Category A Viruses on Porous Surfaces and Sensitive Equipment: ...The prototype will ultimately be evaluated in accordance with an EPA-approved protocol entitled “Efficacy of a Disinfectant Applied to a Room Via a Fogger or Misting Device” against a panel of organisms. The results will be submitted to the EPA to register the technology as a room disinfection device and claim “hospital and broad-spectrum” and “virucide” efficacy." "METSS is currently conducting a Phase II SBIR project for the EPA to develop a safe, robust, rapid, and effective chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas dispersion system to be used for on-site room decontamination in hospital and non-hospital settings. This technology will meet the demands of the health care market to decontaminate porous materials and sensitive equipment in rooms or vehicles used for patient care or transport. This need was evident during the care and treatment of Ebola patients in the United States several years ago. At that time, it was clear that many facilities did not have the means to properly disinfect large items, like furniture, on-site; therefore, the items required transport off-site for proper treatment and disposal; a process that has inherent safety risks and associated costs. The ability to decontaminate a room containing porous materials and sensitive equipment on-site and in a non-destructive manner would be invaluable to the health care industry and meet a critical need for low-cost, simple solutions to decontaminate non-medical spaces as well. Based on feedback from potential end-users and results of development testing conducted during the first year of the project, a functional prototype is currently being designed, constructed, and tested. The prototype will ultimately be evaluated in accordance with an EPA-approved protocol entitled “Efficacy of a Disinfectant Applied to a Room Via a Fogger or Misting Device” against a panel of organisms. The results will be submitted to the EPA to register the technology as a room disinfection device and claim “hospital and broad-spectrum” and “virucide” efficacy."

The SafeAir passive is a personal equipment dedicated to monitoring exposure to toxic gases over exposure times ranging from 15 minutes to 24 hours. Small and discreet, the SafeAir chemical detection badge detects the presence of gas even at very low concentrations by changing color.

****!!!!****!!!!**** "ClO2 decreased from 10 mg/m3 to 0.8 mg/m3, and the degradation time was 81 min. Reduced to 0.3 mg/m3, degradation time is 96 min; Reduced to 0 mg/m3, the degradation time was 2 h.10 mg/m3 disinfection dose for 30 min, and the total number of bacteria and the number of fungi were 94.6% and 92.1%, respectively. Conclusion ClO2 disinfected the pit air spray with a concentration of 1 000 mg/L and 10 ml/m3, and the sterilization effect was the best for 30 min."

****!!!!****!!!!*** "aerosol spray was applied to 50 mg/L chlorine dioxide at a dosage of 20 ml/m3 for 90 min, and the extinction rate of natural bacteria in indoor air was 91.58%, the extinction rate of natural bacteria in air was 82.00% with 10 mg/m3 ozone fumigation for 60 min, and the extinction rate of natural bacteria in air was 82.00%. The three disinfection methods have a killing effect on natural bacteria in the air, but the chlorine dioxide aerosol spray method has the best effect and the dosage is low."

****!!!!****!!!!**** "Gas chlorine dioxide has broad application prospects in the field of space disinfection, but the immaturity of its concentration online detection technology has greatly limited its promotion and application. "" USing LED as the light source, this paper designed a simplified single-wavelength dual-optical path differential absorption concentration detection probe, developed a gas chlorine dioxide concentration sensor that can detect the concentration range of 0~9 mg/L online, and takes a variety of measures to avoid photodegradation of gas chlorine dioxide during the detection process, and improve the life and stability of the sensor." "accuracy of the gas chlorine dioxide concentration sensor designed in this paper is better than that of 2% F.S., which can meet the needs of concentration detection for the spatial disinfection of chlorine dioxide."

"For indoor air pollution problems, research scholars have developed chlorine dioxide sustained-release air purification device. When chlorine dioxide release rate is 7.4 mg·h−1 and relative humidity is in the range of 29–31%, 59–61%, and 89–91%, it can effectively purify hazardous substances like formaldehyde generated from interior decoration " "developed a new type of sustained-release solid chlorine dioxide disinfectant for drinking water treatment. Compared to traditional chlorine dioxide disinfectant, it had the advantages of stability, convenient storage and transportation, and long-acting time, etc."

"In the field of health care, gaseous chlorine dioxide should be further promoted." "The concentration of the 8 h weighted concentration value (0.28 mg/m3) was exposed for a long time to achieve the purpose of eliminating common indoor bacteria. In the case of killing bacterial spores, higher relative humidity is required, generally not less than 60% RH. The higher relative humidity can wet the outer wall of the spore to expand it to facilitate the attachment and penetration of gaseous chlorine dioxide, while the high humidity environment increases the risk of corrosion of gaseous chlorine dioxide"

"the designed chlorine dioxide release rates were 5.8 mg·h-1, 6.5 mg·h-1 and 7.4 mg·h-1, respectively"

***!!!!****!!!!*** "the killing rate of staphylococcus albicans aerosol in the simulated field test 99.90% and the killing of natural bacteria in the field test is 90.00%." "The air disinfection effect of acid oxidation potential water is affected by the dose, temperature and organic matter of acid oxidation potential water."

****!!!!****!!!!**** "library reading room, when the concentration of gas chlorine dioxide is 0.3mg/m3, the sterilization time is 60min, and the sterilization time period is 20:00~21:00, the sterilization rate of gas chlorine dioxide reaches 99.23%... people can work and live normally, and it is harmless to the human body" "hospital wards, when the concentration of gas chlorine dioxide is 0.3mg/m3, the sterilization time is 60min, and the sterilization time period is 20:00~21:00, the sterilization rate reaches 99.63%"

"There are three main preventive measures for airborne infectious diseases, one is to find and eliminate the source of infectious diseases; The second is to use vaccines or increase immunity to resist the invasion of infectious diseases; The third is to block or eliminate the transmission route of infectious diseases. Since severe acute respiratory syndrome (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) related pathogenesis and vaccines have not yet made breakthrough progress, the main way to prevent the spread of this malignant infectious disease is to block its effective transmission route, and air sterilization is one of the more effective means."

Tested Effective Against Covid19 (SARS-COV2) by Taiwan Ministry of Defense. PL600 - Asia Best Selling Disinfectant. Widely used for preventing airborne transmission and surface disinfection.

{Note: Most of this content was copied from CoronavirusAirMist.com and CoronavirusCD.org} Importance of Air Disinfection Than Ever Before" "there are some low-effort ways you can make the environment significantly safer, whether at a family gathering or group event, or in a workplace"

****!!!!****!!!!*** "This study demonstrates that the low-concentration ClO2 gas (mean 0·05 ppmv) inactivates various kinds of microbes such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enveloped and nonenveloped viruses in the wet state."

nanoclo2 utilizes chlorine dioxide molecule power and it is manufactured by the newly innovated process method (patent applied for).

GAM UV protection film in rolls, sheets and tubes

(2020). ****!!!!****!!!!****

(2018) “FarmeTok (Medistick/Puristic) kindly provided by Purgofarm" "ClO2-releasing hygiene stick showed the very strong inhibition of bacterial growth but had different inhibitions to the bacteria above 96.7% except for MRSA of 90% inhibition. It is difficult to explain why the MRSA were not inhibited less than others at this point. It can be only suggested that more releasing ClO2 should be essential to kill or inhibit the MRSA. B. subtilis, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, S. typhi (S. enterica serotype typhi) and S. marcesence were inhibited over 99%. It can also suggest that the inhibition may not be affected by the Gram positivity and Gram negativity." [****Note: The measurement method used here seems unclear: "the released ClO2 gas concentration was 13 ppmv/hr"]

"using single envelope CFLs for long periods of time near the body at distances of less than 25 cm can result in overexposure to actinic ultraviolet emissions. The use of double envelope lamps can efficiently reduce UV emissions"

****!!!!****** "UVC irradiance could not be detected in all the cases. For analyzing the UV content at the short distance, the measurements were conducted at the distance of 10 cm. Negligible amounts of UVA and UVB were detected at 150 and 200 cm from all CFLs." "In order to compare UV irradiance in three angles (0, 45, and 90), one-way ANOVA indicated that difference between three angles was not significant statically"

****!!!!****!!!!**** (2020). [It seems that light source was solely sunlight through glass window] "The illuminance was adjusted by opening or closing the curtain in the office"

(2021) Installation of chlorine dioxide gas generating product for 2 months =>(Washout period for 2 weeks) => Placebo installation for 2 months. Placebo installation for 2 months => (Washout period for 2 weeks) => Installation of chlorine dioxide gas generating product for 2 months

The results show that:when the concentration of chlorine dioxide gas is 0.3mg/m3,the sterilization time is 60min,the sterilization time period is from 20∶ 00to 21∶00(under fluorescent lights),sterilization rate to the atmosphere can reach 99.8%,and the sterilization rate to the objects' surface can reach 93.9%.Under the premise of human activity,it is the optimal sterilization conditions for hospital wards.

"Chlorine dioxide is powerful against viruses and other types of germs because only a very small amount deactivates the virus as soon as it gets on one of its outer spikes. It doesn’t need to go into the core of the virus to kill it"

The invention is concerned with the spicery chlorine dioxide air sterilization tablet and the preparation method. The project is: the A tablet and the B tablet composes the two-spot tablet, as the following weight: the A tablet including the chlorine dioxide matrix is 1 - 8, the cladding agents is 1 - 10, the adhesive is 1 - 5, the lubrication release agent is 1 - 8, the acidoid is 60 - 95; the B tablet including foaming agent is 60 - 95, the adhesive is 1 - 5, the lubrication release agent is 1 - 10, the solid un-reductibility spice powder is 0.5 - 5. The invention is low price of the tablet, easy using, and simple operation.