PRIME PubMed from Unbound Medicine

Under controlled laboratory conditions, the safety of daily ingestion of 5 ppm chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate by normal healthy adult males has been established. To determine the effect upon potentially susceptible individuals, a parallel chronic human investigation was undertaken. Study su …

The carcinogenic activities of sodium chlorite in B6C3F1 mice were examined. Sodium chlorite was given at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.025% (low dose), or 0.05% (high dose) in the drinking water of 150 female and 150 male mice for 80 weeks, after which time the animals were returned to distilled …These results indicated no clear evidence of a carcinogenic potential of sodium chlorite in B6C3F1 mice.

Although NaClO2 was shown to be noncarcinogenic in rats, the results for mice were evaluated as inconclusive.

"ested for promoting and complete carcinogenic activities in skin carcinogenesis using female Sencar mice." "Potential promoting effect was suspected in sodium chlorite"

*** "A dose-dependent decrease in glutathione content and erythrocyte osmotic fragility occurred after incubation of whole blood with Alcide chlorine dioxide. Glutathione concentration and erythrocyte osmotic fragility approached the control values after 240 min of incubation with Alcide containing 1 mM NaClO2. The addition of exogenous glutathione (50 mg 100 ml-1) or glutathione reductase and NADPH to rat blood in the presence of Alcide returned erythrocyte osmotic fragility to control values. Treatment of rat blood with Alcide did not change glutathione reductase or glutathione peroxidase activities after 1 h of incubation. "

**** {Alcide is Sodium chlorite combined with lactic acid to form chlorine dioxide}

Alcide is a germicidal preparation which has been shown to kill a wide range of common pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi, in vitro. This preparation is composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively. The two parts are combined to form chlorine dioxide.

Alcide, a liquid sterilizer, was evaluated for teratogenic potential in rats and mice. Sodium chlorite and lactic acid, the active ingredients of this compound, form chlorine dioxide when mixed. Pregnant rats and mice were administered 1 ml and 0.1 ml, respectively, of Alcide liquid by gavage on day …

Alcide gel is a germicidal agent which is highly effective in killing a wide range of bacteria and fungi in vitro within 1 min. Alcide gel consists of sodium chlorite and lactic acid, parts A and B, respectively. Chlorine dioxide is formed when sodium chlorite and lactic acid, the active ingredients …

Alcide Allay gel, a highly effective germicidal compound, was evaluated for teratogenic potential in rabbits. Pregnant rabbits were administered 2 g/kg Allay gel (containing either of two concentrations of sodium chlorite as active ingredient) or placebo topically on days 6-18 of gestation. Moderate …

Alcide sodium chlorite

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****!!!** "Sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite are commonly used as disinfectants, and understanding the mechanisms of microbial resistance to these compounds is of considerable importance. In this study, the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in the sensitivity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hypochlorite and chlorite was studied. Yeast mutants lacking Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, but not mutants deficient in cytoplasmic and peroxisomal catalase, were hypersensitive to the action of both hypochlorite and chlorite. Both compounds depleted cellular glutathione, induced the production of reactive oxygen species and decreased the viability of the cells. The toxicity of hypochlorite and chlorite was abolished by hypoxic and anoxic conditions and ameliorated by thiol antioxidants and ascorbate. The results demonstrated that the action of hypochlorite and chlorite involves the formation of superoxide and peroxide and that SOD1 is protective, probably by limiting the formation of hydroxyl radicals and damage to proteins. "

"Bromate (BrO(3)(-)) is a drinking water disinfection by-product (DBP) that induces renal cell death via DNA damage-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Drinking water contains other DBPs in addition to BrO(3)(-). We tested the effect of two of these, sodium chlorite (NaClO(2)) and bromochloroaceti …"

We present a case report of a 41-year-old woman of Malay ethnicity who presented with an 11-day history of fever and left-sided lymphadenopathy after consuming ‘Miracle Mineral Solution’ (sodium chlorite solution) for the first time. A ...

The interaction of the chlorite-based drug solution WF10 with human oxyhemoglobin and oxidized hemoglobin forms was investigated monitoring the corresponding spectral changes in heme states. The chlorite component of WF10 converts oxyhemoglobin into methemoglobin with a rate of 35.4 M(-1)s(-1). Meth …

Oxoferin, a preparation approved for wound treatment, has been subjected to an in vitro analysis. 1. Oxoferin produces methaemoglobin even if diluted 500 fold, and leads to additional alterations if added in high concentrations to red cells. Sodium chlorite (NaClO2, 15 mM) is equivalent to undiluted …

ClO2-induced damages to the mitochondria were positive correlated with the death rates, but respiratory inhibition was not the primary target site for cell killing.

"It has been previously reported that subchronic exposure to ClO2 decreases thyroxine (T4) levels in nonhuman primates. In this study in vitro experiments with animal feed, isolated rat stomachs, as well as in vivo studies with intact rats, showed that ClO2 in drinking water (at in situ concentrations as low as 2 ppm) oxidizes iodide to its reactive elemental (radical) state, binding it to organic substances present in the GI tract. A single instance of acute exposure to ClO2, however, did not decrease blood iodide levels, or thyroid glandular uptake of iodine."

The potential for sodium chlorite to produce reproductive toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity and alterations in hematology and thyroid hormones was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats administered sodium chlorite in the drinking water continuously for two generations. The F(0) generation animals (30 …

**********{Repeated Dose Oral Toxicity study on mice}

*****{Many evaluations of effects on body} "It is assumed that chlorine dioxide as such is not absorbed by oral since it rapidly reacts with saliva and gastric juices. Furthermore, the total recovered in urine after dermal administration indicates that dermal absorption is poor. These findings were consistent regarding the reactive properties of the dioxide chlorine. ClO2 was reduced rapidly after an oral administration in Chloride (Cl-), Chlorite (ClO2-) and Chlorate (ClO3-) ions. Seventy-two hours after a single gavage dose of 100 mg/L 36ClO2, most of the 36Cl label in the plasma was in the form of chloride ion (Cl-) and chlorite; the ratio of chloride to chlorite was 4 to 1. Chloride ion is the ultimate metabolite of chlorine dioxide. Seventy-two hours after 36ClO2 oral dosing, 31% and 10% of the radioactivity were measured in the urine and the faeces, respectively while radioactivity was not detected in the expired air. The parent compound was not detected in the urine; most of the radioactivity was in the form of chloride, with smaller amounts as chlorite. Chlorine dioxide skin contact resulted in a reduction of ClO2 to chlorite followed by reduction to chloride. Therefore, it is assumed that chlorine dioxide is not absorbed at significant rate after skin contact.

" Usine levels well above those really present, Sodium Chlorite had some adverse effects on reproduction which might not be readily detectable (e.g. decreased fecundity and/or birthweight.)

leaked about 15 pounds of toxic chlorine dioxide gas from a Florida mill

{Side note: Some free Chlorine in air can result from use of Chlorine Dioxide}

treatment of chlorine dioxide linearly increased the performance and gut morphology and decreased microbial population in quails. 0.5ppm for 28 days.