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{Provides extensive details} "Chlorine dioxide irritates the nose, throat, trachea and bronchi at very low concentrations (less than 5 ppm) resulting in breathlessness, wheezing and coughing. Higher concentrations can cause inflammation in the upper respiratory tract, bronchial spasms and difficulty in breathing. A potentially fatal accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) could occur. Symptoms of pulmonary edema (chest pain and shortness of breath) can be delayed for up to 24 or 48 hours after exposure. Long-term respiratory effects (e.g. sensitivity to respiratory irritants, chronic nasal inflammation, asthma, pulmonary emphysema and spastic bronchitis) have been noted in workers accidentally exposed to unspecified concentrations for a short time"

{Extensive data, studies, dosages}

{Chlorine dioxide effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells }

[Old - 1984?] Isopropyl alcohol is manufactured in the United States by an indirect hydration technique in which a fraction containing 40-60% propylene that is isolated from refinery exhaust gases reacts with sulfuric acid (Lowenheim and Moran, 1975). In an older (strong-acid) process, 88-93% sulfuric acid reacted with propylene gas at 25-60°C for a long time. In a newer (weak-acid) process, which has replaced the strong-acid process, propylene gas is absorbed in 60% sulfuric acid at 85°C for a short reaction time (NIOSH, 1976). Estimated annual production capacity for 1981 was 2.8 million pounds (SRI, I...

***EXTREMELY relevant in designing safety evaluations for airborne uses in occupied areas

****!!!!**** The main lesion induced by ClO2 is the destruction of alveolar walls, which creates pulmonary emphysema lesions. This emphysema was found on all rats of the study (except control) whatever the tested concentration. The severity of the lesion is proportional to the dose. Animals died by respiratory deficiency. LC50combined = 89 mg/m3air