1986

For over 100 yr, scientists have explored uses of sodium chlorate in agricultural applications. Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizer, and thus can be very hazardous when not handled accordingly. Nevertheless, late 19th century agriculturists and scientists attempted to exploit the chemical propertie …

1982

The teratogenicity of sodium chlorite (NaClO2) was assessed in Wistar rats (Crj: Wistar). Sodium chlorite dissolved in distilled water was given to pregnant Wistar rats by gavage once a day from day 6 through 15 of pregnancy at doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day. The pregnant rats were sacrificed …

1982

1984

1984

1984

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Sodium chlorite (NaClO2) is used in the production of chlorine dioxide for bleaching and stripping of textiles, pulp, and paper. It is also used as disinfectant in municipal water treatment and as a ...

Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature.

" This is only the second case of sodium chlorite intoxication reported in the medical literature and the first to report the use of renal replacement therapy in combination with red cell exchange in its management. "

The availability of safe and effective antimicrobials is relatively recent. Many infections that we now expect to cure once inflicted considerable mor…

Background is provided on biofilms, including their formation, tolerance mechanisms, structure, and morphology within the context of chronic wounds. The features of biofilms in chronic wounds are discussed in detail, as is the impact of biofilm on wound ...

****!!!!*** "Subchronic toxicities of ClO2, NaClO2, NaClO3 and NH2Cl were studied in the African Green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). The chemicals were administered in drinking water during 30-60 days subchronic rising dose protocols. The only unexpected and significant toxic effect was elicited by ClO2; this chemical inhibited thyroid metabolism in the animals at a dose of ca. 9.0 mg/kg/day. A statistically significant decrease of serum thyroxine occurred after the fourth week of exposure to 100 mg/l.concentration. The extent of thyroid suppression was dose dependent in each individual monkey, and was reversible after cessation of exposure. NaClO2 and NaClO3 failed to elicit similar effects in doses up to ca. 60 mg/kg/day. Also, NaClO4 or NH2Cl did not cause T-4 suppression in doses of 10 mg/kg/day. The selective thyroid effect of ClO2 was unexplained and it appeared to be paradoxical since ClO2 was rapidly reduced by the oral and gastric secretions to nonoxidizing species (presumably Cl-). No evidence of thyroid effects were detected in the serum of human volunteers who ingested approximately 1 mg/l. of ClO2 in drinking water as a result of routine use in the community water treatment process. Sodium chlorite induced dose-dependent oxidative stress on hematopoesis, causing decreased hemoglobin and red cell count and increased methemoglobin content. At the same time, serum transaminase (SGPT) levels showed significant subclinical elevation. The hematologic effects of NaClO2 rebounded during exposure indicating compensatory hemopoietic activity taking effect during oxidative stress. Sodium chlorate and chloramine did not induce detectable hematologic changes in the animals."

In separate subchronic toxicity studies, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received three water disinfectants in the drinking water for 90 consecutive days. he treatment levels were 25 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 175 mg/L and 250 mg/L for chlorine, and 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L for both monochloramine and chlorine dioxide. ontrols received carbonated (ph buffered) drinking water. ater consumption for all three compounds decreased in a dose-related fashion with increasing concentration of disinfectant, most likely due to unpalatability. one of the disinfectants caused premature deaths in...

health effects of disinfection by-products concerning cancer, reproduction and development

{CD efects on the body} Volume 3 of the Drinking Water and Health series examined the toxicity of several major disinfectants and many of the by-products formed during drinking water disinfection. This chapter updates that material by assessing current research data. Recommendations for future research are also provided.

[Investigation on an accident of chlorine dioxide poisoning]

Crisp-maker Walkers and a chemical distributor are fined £350,000 after the death of a worker from gas poisoning.

{Includes several erroneous statements about CD.} What Does Research Have to Say About HBOT and ASD? Throughout human history, the helping professions – medicine, psychology, education – have operated under many ethical guidelines and codes of conduct. But one singular, defining, and unwavering principle has been, do no harm. Providers of services understand that, fundamentally, we cannot behave in ways that will harm – physically, psychologically, or otherwise – the people whom we serve. This is part of the “DNA” of medical and social services. This

{abstract only}

{Doc says Sodium Chlorite has severe damaging health effects & references studies. Refers to Sodium Chlorite and Chlorous Acid & Sodium Salt as synonyms}

{Mentions many safety level tests with data}

1981 study. Authors: Lubbers, Chauhan, Bianchine

Obscure tests on Chlorine Dioxide effects on humans

"The efficacy and safety of UC-1 were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was more than 98.2% reduction when UC-1 concentrations were 5 and 20 ppm for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of H1N1, influenza virus B/TW/71718/04, and EV71 were 84.65 ± 0.64, 95.91 ± 11.61, and 46.39 ± 1.97 ppm, respectively. A 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test revealed that the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast L929 cells was 93.7% at a 200 ppm UC-1 concentration that is over that anticipated in routine use. Moreover, 50 ppm UC-1 showed no significant symptoms in a rabbit ocular irritation test. In an inhalation toxicity test, treatment with 20 ppm UC-1 for 24 h showed no abnormality and no mortality in clinical symptoms and normal functioning of the lung and other organs. A ClO2 concentration of up to 40 ppm in drinking water did not show any toxicity in a subchronic oral toxicity test. Herein, UC-1 showed favorable disinfection activity and a higher safety profile tendency than in previous reports."