This study was aimed to clarify the immunopa- thological investigation of Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE) with special references to chlorine di- oxide disinfectant in mitigating the pathologi- cal effect of the virus.

Treatments included injection and topical treatments) "sharp surgical debridement was performed to remove the grossly necrotic tissue, if present. A wet dressing was applied once a day using 0.9 % saline-soaked gauze. Thereby, Oxoferin was used, which represents a 5-fold diluted WF10 solution used for topical wound treatment"

"Elevated methemoglobin levels reflect overly oxidized blood. Elevated urea or creatinine levels reflect kidney damage. Whenever higher than usual doses are to be administered, special attention must be applied regarding kidney damage especially if the urine is acidic" "Acid renders the oxides of chlorine more reactive. Alkalinity stabilizes oxides of chlorine"

**** "An experimental treatment for Lou Gehrig’s disease won fast track and orphan drug designations from the Food and Drug Administration, potentially speeding ..."

****!!!!****!!!**** {301 pages} "Given the small percentage of viable spores that remained in the low humidity studies, increasing either the concentration of ClO2 or the exposure time could result in successful sterilization under these conditions" "Unlike ethylene oxide, sterilization with ClO2 can be achieved at ambient temperature and pressure. When at the same relative humidity and temperature (30°C), ClO2 is 1075 times more efficient" **** "results from the cytotoxicity experiments suggest that post-sterilization processing for materials sterilized with ClO2 is warranted. [to minimize residuals, etc]" "bacterial adhesion is the first step towards the development of infection" "[pg 245] possibilities explaining the difference in bacterial adhesion... including differences in the physicochemical properties of the material and the more rapid development of an accumulating substratum of bacteria (nonviable) on the surface" "the presence of proteins adsorbed to the material did not affect the bactericidal activity of the ClO2 produced by the material" "suggests... the influence of fibronectin, not necessarily on promoting bacterial adhesion, but maintaining it" "the presence of proteins adsorbed to the material did not affect the bactericidal activity of the ClO2" "presence of albumin and fibronectin did impact the viability of bacteria" "coating, such as a hydrogel (Changez et al. 2004) or a thin polymer film (Kwok et al. 1999a), could be used to control the release of ClO2 from the material, thereby extending the duration of bactericidal activity" "An alternative... would be the development of a delivery system that is activated by ultrasound" "a molecule that was affording it protection... While initial studies suggested that the molecule was extracellular, further investigation determined that it was not." "oxidization of GSH may serve as a protective mechanism for other more vital cell components" "An alternative hypothesis for the mechanism of resistance is that SP030724 is over expressing a transmembrane molecule that is either inactivating or inhibiting the bactericidal effects of ClO2." "Calculating ClO2 generator parameters"

The oral administration of chlorate salts reduces "the numbers of Gram-negative pathogens in gastrointestinal tracts of live food animals." "these data indicate that broilers rapidly convert chlorate residues to an innocuous metabolite, chloride ion, and that chlorate residues in excreta remain fairly high during the time around slaughter. Because the target tissue of chlorate is the lower gastrointestinal tract, the relatively high distribution of parent chlorate to inedible gastrointestinal tissues and low distribution to edible tissues is favorable for the biological activity and for food safety considerations."

"Composition is formed by adding a chlorine dioxide liberating compound with a weak organic acid and a heat activated saccharide." "The reaction of heat-sterilized CPD or ACD and sodium chlorite maximally liberates chlorine dioxide and minimizes the toxic effect of sodium chlorite on blood cells or blood components. The resulting solution can effectively inactivate viruses, ... can eliminate small inocula of bacteria, yeast or fungi from growing in a blood fraction, such as platelets during storage." "No adverse effects were noted when Factor VIII and Factor IX activities were measured, nor were any changes noted in hemoglobin or red blood cell survival. Accordingly, in vitro treatment according to the inventive process of baboon whole blood resulted in no detectable toxic effects." "Moreover, ****while sodium chlorite is known to have an adverse effect on blood cell integrity and functionality, blood factors or platelet viability are not significantly affected by treatment with sodium chlorite using [these specific patented] inventive compositions and processes.**** It is believed this is because the chlorite is converted by the inventive composition and process to chlorine dioxide, which is better tolerated by the cells."

****!!!!*** {Some of the statements and conclusions made in this paper are not correct.}

2020 Aug – "The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has issued a warning against the use of ** "chlorine" ** products as treatments for COVID-19." “PAHO does not recommend oral or parenteral use of chlorine dioxide or sodium chlorite-based products for patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 or for anyone else. There is no evidence of their effectiveness and the ingestion or inhalation of such products could cause serious adverse effects,” the document said.

****Wikipedia errors in statements and citations about Sodium Chlorite (& Chlorine Dioxide?)

{Extensive list of MMS links}

****!!!!****!!!!*** "Chlorine dioxide...is an oxidizer, less powerful than oxygen, but with greater quantity available for oxidizing. Chlorine dioxide explodes when it obtains certain chemical conditions, and is neutral with other chemical conditions. It is selective. What do we mean when we say it explodes? Well, an explosion is merely a fast Chemicals reaction, mainly oxidation that also releases energy." "...two oxygen ions... not get released so that the body can use them... They have a minus two charge. They have already done their oxidizing before they arrived in this position. They cannot oxidize further. But the chlorine combined with oxygen can. When chlorine dioxide touches a pathogen or a poison that is acidic in nature, it instantly accepts five electrons. It destroys anything that it can draw electrons from and generates heat at the same time..." "When oxygen is not capable of oxidizing it simply cannot do the job in the body that is recurred for oxygen. What sodium chlorite really does for us is it gives us chlorine dioxide, a Chemicals that is selectively to destroy almost all bad things that might exist in the body. Each tiny chlorine dioxide molecule has tremendous power to destroy those things from which it can draw electrons, but it does not have the power to draw electrons from healthy cells or aerobic bacteria." "It begins to lose some of its energy so that it no longer is explosive (unable to oxidize) it can then combine with other substances." "There is some evidence that it helps make myeloperoxidase, a chemical that the body uses to make hypochlorous acid that is then used by the immune system to further kill pathogens, killer cells and other things."

Effectiveness in patients treated in different stages of COVID-19.

***********

Tetrachlorodecaoxide Systematic (IUPAC) name Molecular oxygen tetrachlorite hydrate Identifiers CAS number 92047-76-2 ATC. "WF 10 [Immunokine™, Macrokine™] is a 1 : 10 dilution of tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO) formulated for intravenous injection."

****!!!!******** "While a wide range of oral sodium chlorite regi-mens have been used, the most popular are between 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg given over 2 – 7 days in a row, followed by a rest period of 7 – 16 days, then repeat-ing (17,25,26). Importantly, it has never been shown that oral sodium chlorite can be absorbed at levels that affect human macrophage function. In rats given radiolabeled chlorite, 34% of the initial dose can be found excreted in the urine over the next 72 h (27). However, in monkeys, chlorite is neutralized in saliva within 1 min and by gastric fl uid in vivo in 5 min (28). Keuhne, one of the world ’ s experts on WF10, states that he studied oral WF10 and found that it “ can act on these mechanisms only intravenously, not orally ” (29). Furthermore, there are data that raise concerns about the safety of oral sodium chlo-rite. According to McGrath and Keuhne, sodium chlorite is converted under acidic conditions (such as those in the stomach) to chlorine dioxide, which can be poisonous (12,29). While a small, short- duration study failed to show evidence of oral chlo-rite toxicity in humans (30), Keuhne stopped his research on oral WF10 “ after two patients collapsed and one nearly died ” while taking it (29)"

"NP001, a pH-adjusted IV formulation of purified Sodium Chlorite, is a novel moleculethat regulates inflammation in vitro andin vivo. Within monocytes/ macrophages, chlorite is converted into taurine chloraminethat downregulates nuclear factorkB(NF-kB) expression and inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1b. These mechanisms of downregulation trans-form inflammatory monocytes/macrophagesfrom a proinflammatory to a basal phagocyticstate." "NP001 was generally safe and well-tolerated, except for infusion site pain anddizziness. No significant slowing of decline in the primary or secondary measures was observed.However, slowing of progression was observed in the high-dose group inpatients with greaterinflammation (wide range C-reactive protein). Moreover, NP001 may have dose dependently halted symptom progression in a subset of patients. More than 2 times as many patients on high-dose NP001 (25%) did not progress during 6 months of treatment compared with thoseon placebo (11%). Most “responders”had an elevated biomarker of inflammation, interleukin-18,and were positive for lipopolysaccharide at baseline, which decreased after treatment with NP001."

"The drug substance WF10 inhibited the activation of LPS/IFNγ-stimulated humanmonocyte-derived macrophages. Among them are the diminished expression ofproinflammatory surface markers, the inhibition of the expression of the hyaluronanreceptor CD44, and the binding of hyaluronan to CD44. Further, the overall amountof sulphated proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans was down-regulated by WF10.These in vitro experiments indicate that WF10 is able to inhibit the proinflammatory activation of macrophages. The results suggested that chlorite is the active principle inWF10 as chlorite caused principally the same changes in targets as WF10. The WF10 component chlorate inhibited only the overall sulphation level of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans and the binding of hyaluronan to CD44."

** {Incomplete perspective: "Chlorine Dioxide in contact with the air becomes inactivated and becomes two gases Chlorine and Oxygen, so it has no disinfectant properties, and could not serve to disinfect the air we breathe." Actually, under appropriate conditions, chlorine dioxide can be used very powerfully for disinfecting air, because dissociation is only gradual.} {Article has some other inaccuracies, along with many correct important points.}

{Clinic trial of COVID-19 treatment by oral consumption of Chlorine Dioxide}

{Useful links}

The invention features methods of treating a macrophage-associated neurodegenerative disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), or multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject by administering chlorite in an amount effective to decrease blood immune cell activation. The invention also features methods of monitoring therapy by assessing blood immune cell activation before and after therapy.

{WF-10 and NP001} "... contributes to the self-limiting nature of inflammation. Sodium chlorite (NaClO2; in solution with 63 mM chlorite and pH-corrected = NP001, aka WF10) was developed to mimic this effect."

****!!!!***

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the parenteral treatment of infectious diseases, based on an aqueous, sterile and pyrogen-free solution of chlorine dioxide, the 5 to 1000 mg / l (ppm) of dissolved chlorine dioxide (CIO2) and 3 to 10 g / l of a ionic tonicity regulator, optionally in combination with a non-ionic tonicity regulator. The composition preferably also contains a pH regulator, in particular a pH buffer system adjusted to pH 7.3-7.5, and may further *****contain DMSO or MSM. The composition is free from chlorate ions, hydrochloric acid and gaseous chlorine in t... "Above all, the advantage of a high-purity CDL is that the possibility of any undesirable effects, which are described for Na-chlorite and above all for Na-chlorate in the specialist literature, is reduced even further, which is especially true for formulations and compositions is of particular importance, which should be used as infusion solutions or injection solutions. A composition according to the invention which, in addition to external, topical application, should be suitable above all for systemic, parenteral applications in the form of injection or infusion solutions,"

{**Contains at least one innacurate dilution. Correct proportions to make 30 oz of 100 ppm should be 3 oz of 500 ppm + 27 oz of water.} Email or leave a voice message at 949-544-1375 Ken Adachi "When Jim Humble originally talked about MMS in his books, videos and articles from 2005 forward, he said his Sodium Chlorite solution was "28%." However, it was later realized that the sodium chlorite flakes he was using to make the solutions from were a mixture of 80% sodium chlorite, plus 20% of other inert salts including sodium chloride... This mixture ratio is intentionally maintained by the manufacturer of sodium chlorite flakes in order to keep the flakes as stable as possible for shipping safety and for longer shelf life. So the correct concentration description of Jim Humble's sodium chlorite solutions should be "22.4%" "I recently discovered a more accurate way to measure the ppm percentage concentration of my Sodium Chlorite Solution by weighing a given volume of the Sodium Chlorite Solution with a sensitive digital scale. And to my surprise, I discovered that my previous extrapolated percentage quotes, presented in earlier updates to this article, were stated far too high"

{CAUTION: Document includes mixing instructions and dosing, but not scientific bases for recommendations. Does not include any scientific references to verify safety and effectiveness.}

"80% is the highest concentration available for sodium chlorite due to the way it is manufactured. All sodium chlorite starts off as flakes but is usually ground up to make handling and measuring easier. A 28% (weight/weight) solution will produce 23% sodium chlorite concentration."