An activated chlorous acid product statistically matched the performance of chlorhexidine gluconate in reducing populations of resident flora on treated skin sites. With an easier and shorter application procedure and strong, long-term antimicrobial activity, the new halogenated antiseptic seems to …

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to compare cosmesis at 3 to 4 months and infection in simple lacerations irrigated with normal saline (NS) versus activated chlorine dioxide (CD). DESIGN:This was a prospective, randomized trial of a convenience sample of patients. This study was approved by the institutional review board and Food and Drug Administration as a physician-sponsored trial (FDA investigational new drug no. 68762). SETTING:The study was conducted in a large urban, academic emergency department. PATIENTS:Patients aged 18 to 100 with simple, uncomplicated lacerations requiring repair that were less than 8 hours old were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS:Patients were randomized to receive either NS or CD wound irrigation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Demographics, infection, and cosmesis were analyzed and assessed. Cosmetic outcome was assessed at 3 to 4 months using a visual analog scale (VAS), wound evaluation score (WES), patient VAS (VASPt), and digital imaging VAS by 2 plastic surgeons (VASPlast). MAIN RESULTS:One hundred ninety-three patients were enrolled. Data analysis was available for 175 cases (86 NS and 89 CD). Wound infection follow-up was obtained in 74.9% of the patients. The 3- to 4-month cosmesis follow-up was 37.7% for VAS/WES, 40.0% for VASPt, and 37.7% for VASPlast. There were no significant differences in demographics, key wound characteristics, infection, adverse reactions, and cosmesis. CONCLUSION:The authors report the use of a novel antimicrobial irrigation solution. Chlorine dioxide appears to be a safe biologically acceptable antiseptic wound irrigant that does not appear to interfere with cosmetic outcomes.

BACKGROUND Among the ways to reduce the incidence of iatrogenic infectious disease is the use of efficacious preoperative antiseptics. Iodophors and chlorhexidines, the chief presurgical disinfectants today, have various problems with practicality. A new preoperative skin antiseptic has been developed (Alcide Corporation, Redmond, Wash) that involves the mixture of a 0.1% sodium chlorite formulation and an activating preparation of 0.5% mandelic acid to produce chlorous acid and other antimicrobial degradation products. METHODS Under clinical conditions, the antimicrobial effectiveness of this blended preparation was compared with a chlorhexidine gluconate scrub solution. Using a Latin-square randomization scheme, we treated 2 contralateral abdominal sites and 2 contralateral inguinal sites of healthy male and female volunteers with these antiseptics or the controls of vehicle or activator alone. Microorganisms were harvested and quantified by a standard cylinder-scrub technique. RESULTS Of 85 volunteers (170 possible sites per test region) screened to meet the USA Food and Drug Administration baseline criteria on population densities of normal flora, 61 abnormal sites and 107 inguinal sites provided suitable data. Against chlorhexidine, the chlorous acid presurgical skin preparation produced superior but statistically equivalent reductions (P > .05) of each volunteer's normal flora at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 6 hours after treatment. As many as 4 log reductions were achieved, and activity persisted as long as 6 hours. Compared with chlorhexidine, the chlorous acid product has the practical advantages of a shorter scrub time, less foam, air drying (instead of wiping), and no perceivable residue. CONCLUSIONS An activated chlorous acid product statistically matched the performance of chlorhexidine gluconate in reducing populations of resident flora on treated skin sites. With an easier and shorter application procedure and strong, long-term antimicrobial activity, the new halogenated antiseptic seems to be a useful and possible efficacious preoperative skin disinfectant.

Significance: Microorganisms can exist both in the planktonic and biofilm state. Each phenotypic state has a role to play in delaying healing and causing infections of both acute and chronic wounds. However, the virulent biofilm state is the fundamental ...

CD combined with Fatty Acide for Cow Teat DipThe present invention relates to a two-part antimicrobial composition comprising at least one chlorine dioxide generating component comprising at least one metal chlorite and at least one acid-forming compound in a solid carrier, and at least one liquid aqueous component. The composition further comprises at least one antimicrobial fatty acid having from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms. The components, upon mixing, form a composition having a pH in the range of about 5 to about 10.

"The application of chlorine dioxide-loaded bioadhesive gels could be a promising alternative for the effective and safe treatment of topical infections."

{Chlorous acid teat dip skin irritation faded shortly. Study also addresses CD some.}

Chlorine dioxide complex™ is a new molecule to dermatology that is a unique, non-toxic, broad spectrum anti-microbial and keratolytic compound. Chlorine dioxide has been used as an antiseptic in industrial settings for decades, primarily in water treatment facilities for municipal water supplies and …

Routine bathing with CHG does not occur in the ICU setting, and TSA suggests that more trials are needed to address the current state of 'clinical equipoise'. Ideally these studies would be conducted among a diverse group of ICU patients, and to the highest standard to ensure generalisability of res …

We conclude that daily chlorhexidine bathing among ICU patients may reduce the acquisition of MRSA and VRE. The approach is simple to implement and inexpensive and may be an important adjunctive intervention to barrier precautions to reduce acquisition of VRE and MRSA and the subsequent development …

*In drinking water & applied to skin. The bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide (CIO2) against 79 bacteria, 31 yeasts and 4 viruses were evaluated under clean and dirty conditions. The safety of CIO2 to chickens given by drinking water or skin spraying was also evaluated. In clean diluent condition, the median lethal concentration (MLC50) of CIO2 against bacteria and yeast was 9.4 and 8.4 ppm, respectively. In dirty diluent condition, the MLC50 of CIO2 against bacteria and yeasts was 39.9 and 24.3 ppm, respectively. The virucidal activity of CIO2 against 100 median embryo lethal dose (100 ELD50) of Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease virus was 1.2, 1.2, 2.5 and 1.2 ppm, respectively. All the leghorn chickens continuously given with 10 mL of 500, 250, 125, 62.5 or 0 ppm of CIO2 in drinking water or on skin spraying for 7 days were not found showing any abnormality at 14 days post medication. Chlorine dioxide provides high bactericidal and virucidal activity without resulting any toxicity to the chickens.

Development of decontamination methods and strategies to address potential infectious disease outbreaks and bioterrorism events are pertinent to this nation's biodefense strategies and general biosecurity. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas has a history of use as a decontamination agent in response to an …

******!!!!********* "inhaling high concentration ClO2 gases for an extended time can be dangerous for human health because the alveolar membrane is extremely thin (a mere 1-2 microns and in some places even below 1 micron). The effect of ClO2 in these membranes is somewhat counterbalanced, however, by the intense blood circulation there." "O2 can remove biofilms swiftly [12] because it is highly soluble in water and unlike ozone it does not react with the extracellular polysaccharides of the biofilm. This way ClO2 can penetrate into biofilms rapidly to reach and kill the microbes living within the film."

"ii) as a topical antiseptic for application to body parts, iii) to prevent or deter scar formation; iv) to treat dermatological disorders such as wounds, burns, ulcers, psoriasis, acne and other scar forming lesions; and v) to treat ophthalmic disorders such as infections, inflamation, dry eye, wound healing, and allergic conjunctivities." "The anti-microbial composition of the present invention is at a pH range between about 6.0 and about 8.8."

****!!!!*** "effective amounts of an irritation reducing compound selected from the group consisting of allantoin, glycerine, aloe vera and mixtures, thereof, in a chlorine dioxide generating composition will substantially reduce skin irritation which is caused by chlorine dioxide exposure to the skin."

****!!!!****{Doses & studies for skin (& maybe internal?) treatments} " treating fungal infections using a metal salt of chlorite alone or in combination with a conventional antifungal agent... topical or systemic."*****[? Statements need verification] "chlorite ions are many times less toxic than chlorine dioxide to animal cells and that maintaining it at a higher pH will allow for a higher concentrations to be used. Concentrations of up to 0.5% in internal fluids have been shown to be acceptable for internal use. Higher dosages are likely to be acceptable also. External use allows for considerably higher concentrations to be used, and even higher concentrations are acceptable for short-term contact." "A pattern observed indicates that sodium chlorite alone at a pH that does not create chlorine dioxide and in combination with conventional antifungal agents is a superior antifungal agent than the antifungal alone against 100% of fungi tested."

Antimicrobial/pharmaceutical preparations (e.g., solutions, gels, ointments, creams, sustained release preparations, etc.) which comprise chlorite (e.g., a metal salt of a chlorite) in combination with a peroxy compound (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), and methods for using such preparations for disinfection of articles or surfaces (e.g., contact lenses, counter tops, etc.), antisepsis of skin or other body parts, prevention or deterrence of scar formation and/or treatment and prophylaxis of dermal (i.e., skin or mucous membrane) disorders (e.g., wounds, burns, infections, cold sores, ulcerations...

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