"chlorine dioxide, was at approximately 75 mg=l. One part of both reagents was added to 8 parts water and left for 2 h to ensure a proper mix. This would normally be applied in a chamber using a fogging machine, but the action of the fogger washed the eggs off the sellotape slides. Consequently the Kloroxide was tested using the dip technique""Except for the use of chlorine dioxide=didecyl di-methyl ammonium chloride, all treatments made a statistically signiŽ cant reduction in the percentage of eggs hatched compared to the control"

Oxine AH is a powerful weapon against fungal and bacterial infections of the hoof and lower leg – such as thrush, white line disease, and scratches – yet it doesn't harm living tissue whe…

****!!!!**** "The chlorine dioxide solution contains dissolved chlorine dioxide gas as a constituent component." " sodium chlorite and potassium chlorite are preferred, and sodium chlorite is most preferred, not only for the reasons of easy availability, but also from the viewpoint of excellent sustainability of chlorine dioxide activity." "acne vulgaris... Chlorine dioxide concentration at the time of dilution: 150 ppm)" "chlorine dioxide liquid with a concentration of 10 ppm or more will inactivate adenoviruses that cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and it is disclosed that the chlorine dioxide liquid does not affect the eyeball even at a concentration of 250 ppm." " By selecting sodium dihydrogen phosphate or a mixture of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, and using it in combination with sodium chlorite, the storage stability is further improved" "In this way, unnecessary consumption of sodium chlorite is suppressed and sodium chlorite is effectively consumed, so the storage stability is further improved (prolonged), and the concentration of chlorine dioxide fluctuates over time (variation) during storage. ) Is further reduced (not only the decrease in concentration is suppressed, but the increase in concentration is also suppressed"

" in the case of skin or mucocutaneous diseases, the liquid composition of the present invention containing... preferably 10 to 250 ppm of chlorine dioxide, ... preferably 700 to 20000 ppm of sodium chlorite. Gauze, cotton or non-woven fabric is impregnated and applied to the affected area or inserted into the affected area 1 to 3 times a day for at least 5 minutes, preferably 10 minutes or more. In the case of instillation or nose dropping, the liquid composition of the present invention containing chlorine dioxide at a concentration of... preferably 10 to 250 ppm, may be used about 1 to 6 times a day." " sprayed into the air in the room to prevent viral diseases such as influenza virus, bacterial diseases and fungal diseases" "(4) The chlorine dioxide solution composition is soaked directly into the mask or eye patch, or a gauze or non-woven fabric soaked with the chlorine dioxide solution composition is attached to the mask or eye patch, so that viral diseases, bacterial diseases and Prevent fungal diseases."

{Includes: methods of obtaining high-purity chlorine dioxide; thickeners} "Also disclosed are methods of making and using a substantially non-cytotoxic thickened fluid compositions or solutions comprising chlorine dioxide solution. An oxidizing composition of reduced irritation is also disclosed." "Lower concentrations in the range of about 5 to about 500 ppm are useful when used in the mouth or near the nose so as to minimize exposure to the chlorine-like odor of a chlorine dioxide-containing composition. Higher concentrations in the range of about 20 to about 2000 ppm are useful when used in areas containing a substantial concentration of reactive organic material, such as wound fluid in wounds." "cytotoxicity results predominantly from the presence of oxy-chlorine anions. Accordingly,... no more than about 0.25 mg oxy-chlorine anion per gram" "To minimize soft tissue irritation by the chlorine dioxide containing composition, the substantially non-cytotoxic composition has a pH of at least about 3.5" "Substantially pure chlorine dioxide may be prepared by any known method, then bubbling a gas (e.g., air) through that solution (sparging) and into a second container of deionized water, to prepare the product solution of substantially pure chlorine dioxide. Only ClO2 and possibly some water vapor is transferred..." "200 ppm aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide. Sample 39 was prepared by diluting an about 600 ppm substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution"

"Non-compatible additives can be stratified into those which substantially completely consume the chlorine dioxide after 8 hours and those which consume less than about 45% of the chlorine dioxide after 8 hours."

***!!!!!!!!!***!!!!*** "Chlorine dioxide has been suggested to be a size selective antimicrobial agent, killing micron sized organisms rapidly but causing much less harm to larger organisms compared to hypochlorite solutions [20]. Disinfection of living tissues with aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions appears to be quite safe as bacteria can be killed using low concentrations of chlorine dioxide and short contact times, while much higher concentrations and contact times are required to cause damage to tissue" "In contrast, the toxicity of the chlorine dioxide product increased 4–6 fold as the exposure time increased from one to 24 hours (Fig 4). Although at exposures of 24 hours the concentration of the chlorine dioxide product was 20 fold higher compared to that of sodium hypochlorite to achieve an LC50. This result was consistent whether the toxicity to the skin cells was assessed at 24 or 48 hr" "the very low toxicity (~10%; v/v) of the chlorine dioxide product after one hour of contact increased only slowly over the next 23 hours, suggesting that reducing the exposure time should decrease the likelihood of skin injury. Studies such as this, where “naked” cells in culture are exposed to the test agent, should provide a conservative estimate of tissue injury, especially to intact skin, where the outer cornified epidermal layers are already dead and serve almost exclusively as a protective barrier." "In summary, we report that a stabilized liquid formulation of chlorine dioxide is an effective sporicidal agent, and reduced B. anthracis spore counts by >5 logs in five minutes or less in suspension."

"Provided in the present invention is a method for initiating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells in mammals, comprising the following steps: preparing a stem cell initiation agent containing chlorine dioxide and administering the stem cell initiation agent to target tissues of mammals, wherein an effective amount of chlorine dioxide is provided when administering the stem cell initiation agent to the target tissues of mammals. Also provided in the present invention is the use of chlorine dioxide in the preparation of a drug for initiating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells. The method of the present invention has a broad application range, and is suitable for various requirements of treating diseases using the tissue regeneration ability and immunity regulation ability of stem cells or prompting the initiation of the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells in injured organs and organisms having regenerated tissues; furthermore, using the method of the present invention, the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells can be initiated quickly and moderately; and the method has few side effects or no side effects, and can continuously be used for initiating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells." "The chlorine dioxide-containing stem cell promoter of the present invention can be administered by any route which can reach the intended tissue, for example, by intravenous drip, intravenous injection, intraarterial injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, Intradermal, intracardiac, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraarticular, puncture, rectal, sublingual, nasal, transdermal, inhalation or topical administration to damaged organs or Organization, etc., "

***!!! The present invention relates to a cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide. The present invention relates to a cell apoptosis inducer kit containing the following two independent components: the first component: a chlorine dioxide precursor solid, or a solution containing a chlorine dioxide precursor; and the second component: an auqeous solution of an acidity pH adjuster; the two components are stored separately, and can be mixed before use so that in-situ reaction occurs and the cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide is prepared; and the amounts and concentrations of the first component and the second component enable the pH of the mixed solution to be 1.5-6.5. The present invention further relates to use of the cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide or the cell apoptosis inducer kit containing chlorine dioxide in preparing drugs for treating tumors, or use thereof in preparing anti-aging drugs for target tissues of mammals, or use thereof as cosmetics, or use thereof in preparing chemotherapeutic drugs. "the apoptosis inducing agent comprises chlorine dioxide dissolved in water, wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide is from 500 to 2900 ppm, based on mass." VThe data showed that after 30 hours, untreated cells showed 15% spontaneous apoptosis. However, 80% of cells treated with the chlorine dioxide formulation showed cell death. Specifically, in Cama-1 cells, chlorine dioxide-induced apoptosis was started 9 hours after the addition of 500 ppm of chlorine dioxide preparation, and after 30 hours of treatment, the apoptotic cells reached 80%. Other conditions were the same, but the 500 ppm chlorine dioxide preparation was adjusted to a pH of 3.0 by a pH adjuster, and only over 45% of the cells showed death, indicating that the acidic environment contributes to an increase in cancer cell apoptosis."

{ClorDiSys} Killed pinworms collected from mice. Relative humidity ranged from 52% to 67%, and temperatures ranged from 23 to 26 °C. Chlorine dioxide gas was delivered to the chamber until a concentration of 1 mg/L (360 ppm) was reached. The exposure periods were calculated by multiplying the desired ppm by the exposure period in hours.

{Mucor sp is one of the types of fungi that can cause horse hoof wall separation.} White line disease " is restricted to the inner-most area of the stratum medium. This area has a moisture content of 75 percent in a normal hoof. " "This potent disinfectant used on a properly prepared hoof eliminated the presence of fungal spores. I have had positive results using this chemical on thrush, canker, scratches and rainrot. Chlorine dioxide at 20,000 ppm is activated using 1 deciliter chlorine dioxide, 1 deciliter of vinegar with 4 liters of water for a safe effective method of treating fungal infections of the horse’s hoof."

****!!!!*** [Taiko] "chlorine dioxide, which can cure an intractable skin disease, such as skin disease caused by humanpapilloma virus, against which no effective therapeutic method had been developed" "sodium dihydrogenphosphate as the pH adjuster whose pH is 2.5 to 6.8 as a 5% aqueous solution at 25°C, ****remarkably enhances**** the preservation stability of the chlorine dioxide solution"

****!!!!**** {Related to Alcide chlorine dioxide product} "Methods for preventing and treating microbial wound infections, especially of peritoneal cavity wounds including those having indwelling catheters, and enhancing wound repair while minimizing adhesions and scar formation involve the infusion or irrigation of the wound with a solution containing a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and having a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Typical solutions contain chlorine dioxide in isotonic saline and exhibit a pH of from about 5 to about 7.5. Sodium chlorite is employed in preferred embodiments." "formation of scarring and/or fibrous adhesions. An additional feature of ClO2 and related oxychlorine systems is their capability to inhibit the stimulation of fibroplasia, the proliferation of fibroblast cells and expression of collagen, which ordinarily ensues following wounding. As shown in the examples that follow, the oxychlorines resulting from acidification of chlorite to form chlorous acid significantly inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation." "A further study confirming the effect of ClO2 on wound healing set out in greater particularity below combines an investigation of the immediate cellular response (chemotaxis) of the body to injury using isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and another investigation assessing the interaction of ClO2 with free radicals which form during the course of tissue repair collagen synthesis. In the former case, ClO2 was found to control chemotaxis by affecting the quality and morphology of the associated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the latter case, the ClO2, which is a stable free radical containing one unpaired electron, was found to neutralize the superoxide and related radicals involved in the process of collagen production." "solutions of 350 ppm in buffered saline have been shown to be safely infusable into cows' udders without stimulation of any immune response by the animals" "In contrast to antibiotics, systemic absorption of the compositions of the invention is minimized in treatments using them because of the inorganic nature of chlorine dioxide, and its reductive degradation to chloride as a result of its interaction with organic matter (including bacteria, fungi, and viruses). It is important to note that materials may be non-inflammatory (i.e., not provoke inflammation) but not anti-inflammatory (i.e., counter the effects of inflammation). Chlorine dioxide has been found to be non-inflammatory, by virtue of being infusible into the peritoneal cavity and other body cavities without evoking the inflammatory response, as well as being anti-inflammatory; see the copending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/133,465, filed Oct. 8, 1993, and parent case U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,343, cited and incorporated by reference above. In order to utilize the germ-killing and non-inflammatory qualities of chlorine dioxide, it is preferable to isolate it from chlorites and its acidic form, chlorous acid" " the lactate so formed may enhance angiogenesis, collagen synthesis and deposition, and modulate the response of fibroblasts to growth factors in the wound ...In embodiments where these effects are not desired, organic acids other than lactic acid are employed." "ability of the chlorine dioxide solutions to bring about a marked reduction in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms" "The 50 ppm ClO2 solution, on the other hand, is well tolerated by mammalian tissue, as, for example, when used as an eye irrigant, to treat bacterial infections induced in rabbits, to infuse into a cow's udder, or as a uterine douche for mares and cows in the prevention and treatment of endometritis." "a chlorine dioxide concentration of about 7.5 ppm inhibits free radical formation by 74% and at a concentration of 15 ppm, by 100%." "If the solution is prepared in the presence of a phosphate buffer which immediately neutralizes the lactic acid, the formation of chlorine dioxide is inhibited in the system. The solution has no inhibitory effect with rat fetal lung fibroblasts. Thus, it is not chlorite ion that is operative, but ClO2."

****!!!!****{Doses & studies for skin (& maybe internal?) treatments} " treating fungal infections using a metal salt of chlorite alone or in combination with a conventional antifungal agent... topical or systemic."*****[? Statements need verification] "chlorite ions are many times less toxic than chlorine dioxide to animal cells and that maintaining it at a higher pH will allow for a higher concentrations to be used. Concentrations of up to 0.5% in internal fluids have been shown to be acceptable for internal use. Higher dosages are likely to be acceptable also. External use allows for considerably higher concentrations to be used, and even higher concentrations are acceptable for short-term contact." "A pattern observed indicates that sodium chlorite alone at a pH that does not create chlorine dioxide and in combination with conventional antifungal agents is a superior antifungal agent than the antifungal alone against 100% of fungi tested."

***!!!!*** {Includes photos of wound healing} "Three surgical case reports are presented to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of using an improved aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide complex (160 ppm) as a topical antiseptic in the post operative management of serious wounds in dogs"

"Preferably, the liquid medium has sufficient chlorine dioxide precursor so as to have a potential of producing chlorine dioxide in the range of about 0.002 % to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid medium including the chlorine dioxide precursor or precursors." "A series of solutions was prepared using different concentrations of a stabilized chlorine dioxide product, sold by Bio-cide International, Inc. under the trademark Purogene. The stabilized chlorine dioxide product included 2.0% by weight of potential (ultimate yield) chlorine dioxide and 0.085% by weight of sodium carbonate."

"1 ppm Purite™=1 ppm stabilized chlorine dioxide 1 ppm Purite™=1.25 ppm chlorite ion 1 ppm Purite™=1.6761 ppm sodium chlorite 1 ppm Purite™=2.1216 ppm technical grade* sodium chlorite Technical grade sodium chlorite contains about 80% NaCIO2, 13% NaCl, 5% Na2 CO3 and 2% NaClO3." "Preferably, there is present from about 0.01 % (w/v) to about 0.05% (w/v), and even more preferably about 0.015% (w/v) to about 0.03% (w/v) stabilized chlorine dioxide present in the solution."

A method for treating nail fungus by soaking the infected nail(s) in a dilute solution of chlorine dioxide in water. "using a solution of chlorine dioxide in water containing a minimum of 80 parts per million chlorine dioxide as the treating agent."

****!!!!**** "In case of clinically diagnosed wound infections, topical wound disinfection was allowed for 5 consecutive days with saline containing 970 ppm chlorine dioxide... wound cleansing and disinfection with gauzes soaked in physiological saline solution containing 320 ppm chlorine dioxide... for 15 minutes... In CL endemic regions with poor infrastructure, bipolar HF-EC is a robust technology to debride CL lesions under local anaesthesia. The combination with DAC N-055 MWT provides additional anti-parasitic, antimicrobial and wound healing effects."

****!!!!****!!!** "There is disclosed a method for treating dermatologic diseases caused by microbial overgrowth or inflammation, such as psoriasis, fungal infections, eczema, dandruff, acne, genital herpes lesions, and leg ulcers. There is further disclosed an antiviral lubricating composition that is effective in preventing the transmission of the HIV virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. There is also disclosed systemic anti-inflammatory compositions and formulations and a method for reducing tissue inflammation in tissues such as the bowel, muscle, bone, tendon and joints (e.g., arthritis)." "composition which comprises a chlorine dioxide liberating compound and a protic acid." " Systemic formulations that are administered orally, or by injection into muscles, joint capsules, peritoneum, intralymphatically or directly into inflamed tissue." "The inhibition of PMN influx into a wound site can simultaneously reduce the formation of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, suggesting that most of the free radicals generated during the early stage of wound healing are mediated by PMNs"

Three surgical case reports are presented to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of using an improved aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide complex ******(160 ppm) as a topical antiseptic in the post operative management of serious wounds in dogs.