Body--Topical Uses

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“Chlorhexidine causes damage to new tissues and should not come in contact with meninges and mucous membranes as this can cause permanent damage. Its antimicrobial efficacy is not total, as certain microbes are known to grow in the solution; of note in this regard is Pseudomas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. “The presence of microbes in the wound which were probably brought by the antimicrobial agent, further contributed to the delayed healing seen in the antiseptic treated cases and also worsened the general state of the animals.” “...these agents should not be used on clean healing wounds.”

Active Ingredients: DioxiCare® Chlorine Dioxide Complex "Oti Ear Cleansing Solution Oti Ear Cleansing Solution is designed as an antiseptic cleasner of the outer ear for dogs and cats. It uses a chlorine dioxide formula, which to relieve inflammation caused by bacterial and yeast infections."

The compositions of the present invention include a protic acid and a chlorite ion, and may further include other optional components such as a gelling agent, colorant and/or preservative. Methods disclosed herein include applying the composition to a surface of a bee-hive. Honey produced by bees administered a composition of this invention is also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are topical compositions comprising a quaternary ammonium salt and optionally ammonium chloride and/or stabilized chlorine dioxide. Also disclosed herein are methods of reducing the s

{ORP} Provided is a method for preventing or treating sinusitis by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an oxidative reduction potential (ORP) water solution that is stable for at least about twenty-four hours. The ORP water solution administered in accordance with the invention can be combined with one or more suitable carriers. The ORP water solution can be administered alone or, e.g., in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.

" in the case of skin or mucocutaneous diseases, the liquid composition of the present invention containing... preferably 10 to 250 ppm of chlorine dioxide, ... preferably 700 to 20000 ppm of sodium chlorite. Gauze, cotton or non-woven fabric is impregnated and applied to the affected area or inserted into the affected area 1 to 3 times a day for at least 5 minutes, preferably 10 minutes or more. In the case of instillation or nose dropping, the liquid composition of the present invention containing chlorine dioxide at a concentration of... preferably 10 to 250 ppm, may be used about 1 to 6 times a day." " sprayed into the air in the room to prevent viral diseases such as influenza virus, bacterial diseases and fungal diseases" "(4) The chlorine dioxide solution composition is soaked directly into the mask or eye patch, or a gauze or non-woven fabric soaked with the chlorine dioxide solution composition is attached to the mask or eye patch, so that viral diseases, bacterial diseases and Prevent fungal diseases."

"The topical composition includes the use of chlorine dioxide, chlorite salts, benzoyl peroxide, an alpha hydroxy acid, antifungal and antibiotic agents. Also provided is a heat-generating device for use in treating at least one nail infected with fungus and a toe sock device." "Heavily infected toes are piled high with fungus-laden keratin debris that prevents topical medications... from reaching all the infected tissue." "concentrations... of chlorine dioxide, more preferably 20-40 ppm" "Saturating conditions may be maintained by having a chemical generating system so that additional chlorine dioxide is being synthesized constantly or in response to loss of chlorine dioxide by leakage, decay or use during treatment." "For example 0.66% chlorite generates to a suitable chlorine dioxide concentration. For compositions where one wishes a 1% chlorite in chlorine dioxide composition, one may add 1.66% metal chlorite along with an acid or other suitable reagent to degrade some of the metal chlorite into chlorine dioxide. Benzoyl peroxide and similar compounds is also a preferred component of the present invention... 6-10% are more preferred particularly when used in conjunction with 1-3% metal chlorite and an antifungal and antibiotic." "While citric acid/citrate buffer is typically used, other pH-adjusting agents or buffering agents may be used"

{Contact lens care} "Preferably, the liquid medium has sufficient chlorine dioxide precursor so as to have a potential of producing chlorine dioxide in the range of about 0.002% to about 3% (weight chlorine dioxide/volume of liquid medium)" "the small amounts of chlorine dioxide and chlorine dioxide precursor remaining in the liquid medium do not cause the liquid medium to be harmful or irritating to the eye. This is in contrast to other disinfection systems which require elaborate neutralization procedures before the lens is suitable for placement in the eye"

{Includes: methods of obtaining high-purity chlorine dioxide; thickeners} "Also disclosed are methods of making and using a substantially non-cytotoxic thickened fluid compositions or solutions comprising chlorine dioxide solution. An oxidizing composition of reduced irritation is also disclosed." "Lower concentrations in the range of about 5 to about 500 ppm are useful when used in the mouth or near the nose so as to minimize exposure to the chlorine-like odor of a chlorine dioxide-containing composition. Higher concentrations in the range of about 20 to about 2000 ppm are useful when used in areas containing a substantial concentration of reactive organic material, such as wound fluid in wounds." "cytotoxicity results predominantly from the presence of oxy-chlorine anions. Accordingly,... no more than about 0.25 mg oxy-chlorine anion per gram" "To minimize soft tissue irritation by the chlorine dioxide containing composition, the substantially non-cytotoxic composition has a pH of at least about 3.5" "Substantially pure chlorine dioxide may be prepared by any known method, then bubbling a gas (e.g., air) through that solution (sparging) and into a second container of deionized water, to prepare the product solution of substantially pure chlorine dioxide. Only ClO2 and possibly some water vapor is transferred..." "200 ppm aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide. Sample 39 was prepared by diluting an about 600 ppm substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution"

"Non-compatible additives can be stratified into those which substantially completely consume the chlorine dioxide after 8 hours and those which consume less than about 45% of the chlorine dioxide after 8 hours."

"In an embodiment, the composition comprises about 1 to about 1000 ppm chlorine dioxide. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 20 to about 400 ppm chlorine dioxide" "In some embodiments, the device comprises: an optional backing layer; a layer comprising the chlorine dioxide source; and a barrier layer interposed between the chlorine dioxide source layer and the tissue, wherein the barrier layer substantially prohibits passage therethrough of the oxy-chlorine anions and permits passage therethrough of the substantially oxy-chlorine anion free chlorine dioxide composition."

***!!!!!!!!!***!!!!*** "Chlorine dioxide has been suggested to be a size selective antimicrobial agent, killing micron sized organisms rapidly but causing much less harm to larger organisms compared to hypochlorite solutions [20]. Disinfection of living tissues with aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions appears to be quite safe as bacteria can be killed using low concentrations of chlorine dioxide and short contact times, while much higher concentrations and contact times are required to cause damage to tissue" "In contrast, the toxicity of the chlorine dioxide product increased 4–6 fold as the exposure time increased from one to 24 hours (Fig 4). Although at exposures of 24 hours the concentration of the chlorine dioxide product was 20 fold higher compared to that of sodium hypochlorite to achieve an LC50. This result was consistent whether the toxicity to the skin cells was assessed at 24 or 48 hr" "the very low toxicity (~10%; v/v) of the chlorine dioxide product after one hour of contact increased only slowly over the next 23 hours, suggesting that reducing the exposure time should decrease the likelihood of skin injury. Studies such as this, where “naked” cells in culture are exposed to the test agent, should provide a conservative estimate of tissue injury, especially to intact skin, where the outer cornified epidermal layers are already dead and serve almost exclusively as a protective barrier." "In summary, we report that a stabilized liquid formulation of chlorine dioxide is an effective sporicidal agent, and reduced B. anthracis spore counts by >5 logs in five minutes or less in suspension."

"Cytotoxicity of chlorine dioxide was assessed against five different human cancer cell lines. Chlorine dioxide exhibited significant cytotoxicity against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and three colorectal cancer cell lines (LoVo, HCT-116, SW-480). This cytotoxicity appeared to be associated with the capacity of chlorine dioxide to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to control insect cell lines, the cancer cell lines possessed much higher levels of ROS. On the other hand, a treatment of an antioxidant, vitamin E, significantly reduced the cytotoxicity, suggesting that the cytotoxicity was induced by high levels of ROS production. Chlorine dioxide exhibited antiviral activity against different viruses. A baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), is a dsDNA insect virus and lost its viral activity to form polyhedral viral particles in response to chlorine dioxide. The antiviral activity against AcNPV was dependent on the incubation time with chlorine dioxide. Tobacco mosaic virus is a ssRNA plant virus and was reduced in its population after exposure to chlorine dioxide along with significant decrease of viral symptoms. These results indicate that chlorine dioxide possesses anticancer and antiviral activities probably due to its inducing activity of ROS production."

"Provided in the present invention is a method for initiating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells in mammals, comprising the following steps: preparing a stem cell initiation agent containing chlorine dioxide and administering the stem cell initiation agent to target tissues of mammals, wherein an effective amount of chlorine dioxide is provided when administering the stem cell initiation agent to the target tissues of mammals. Also provided in the present invention is the use of chlorine dioxide in the preparation of a drug for initiating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells. The method of the present invention has a broad application range, and is suitable for various requirements of treating diseases using the tissue regeneration ability and immunity regulation ability of stem cells or prompting the initiation of the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells in injured organs and organisms having regenerated tissues; furthermore, using the method of the present invention, the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells can be initiated quickly and moderately; and the method has few side effects or no side effects, and can continuously be used for initiating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells." "The chlorine dioxide-containing stem cell promoter of the present invention can be administered by any route which can reach the intended tissue, for example, by intravenous drip, intravenous injection, intraarterial injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, Intradermal, intracardiac, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraarticular, puncture, rectal, sublingual, nasal, transdermal, inhalation or topical administration to damaged organs or Organization, etc., "

***!!! The present invention relates to a cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide. The present invention relates to a cell apoptosis inducer kit containing the following two independent components: the first component: a chlorine dioxide precursor solid, or a solution containing a chlorine dioxide precursor; and the second component: an auqeous solution of an acidity pH adjuster; the two components are stored separately, and can be mixed before use so that in-situ reaction occurs and the cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide is prepared; and the amounts and concentrations of the first component and the second component enable the pH of the mixed solution to be 1.5-6.5. The present invention further relates to use of the cell apoptosis inducer containing chlorine dioxide or the cell apoptosis inducer kit containing chlorine dioxide in preparing drugs for treating tumors, or use thereof in preparing anti-aging drugs for target tissues of mammals, or use thereof as cosmetics, or use thereof in preparing chemotherapeutic drugs. "the apoptosis inducing agent comprises chlorine dioxide dissolved in water, wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide is from 500 to 2900 ppm, based on mass." VThe data showed that after 30 hours, untreated cells showed 15% spontaneous apoptosis. However, 80% of cells treated with the chlorine dioxide formulation showed cell death. Specifically, in Cama-1 cells, chlorine dioxide-induced apoptosis was started 9 hours after the addition of 500 ppm of chlorine dioxide preparation, and after 30 hours of treatment, the apoptotic cells reached 80%. Other conditions were the same, but the 500 ppm chlorine dioxide preparation was adjusted to a pH of 3.0 by a pH adjuster, and only over 45% of the cells showed death, indicating that the acidic environment contributes to an increase in cancer cell apoptosis."

{ClorDiSys} Killed pinworms collected from mice. Relative humidity ranged from 52% to 67%, and temperatures ranged from 23 to 26 °C. Chlorine dioxide gas was delivered to the chamber until a concentration of 1 mg/L (360 ppm) was reached. The exposure periods were calculated by multiplying the desired ppm by the exposure period in hours.

Frontier Pharma specializes in topical application of chlorine dioxide, on the body & on hard surfaces Use for oral care, skin care, wound care and surface treatment product" "The DioxiCare® System was developed by Howard Alliger, founder of Frontier and pioneer in the chemistry of chlorine dioxide. Mr. Alliger was the first to patent a method (in 1978) of making chlorine dioxide usable on the body"

EarigantSP is a proprietary formulation of stable chlorine dioxide complex in an aqueous base, used for cleaning and irrigating in the management of otitis externa in small animals caused by bacterial and yeast (Malassezia) infections"

"Frontier's new Simply Clear Acne Gel offers an advance in chemistry that more successfully combats the condition. Simply Clear is unique in that it offers several mechanisms of action in one product: removing the obstruction, maximizing absorption, disinfection and oxidation. This would normally require two or three separate steps. "

***!!!*** "The USEPA requires products making fungicidal claims to demonstrate disinfectant efficacy against Trychophyton mentagrophytes, also known as "T. ment". Trichophyton species are associated with public health related infections including ring worm and Athlete's Foot. Applied to tests as a spore, this fungi poses a formidable challenge for disinfectant products such that disinfectant products have an EPA stated maximum allowable contact time of 10 minutes to demonstrate total kill. The product tested in this study demonstrated total kill of the test microorganism at contact times of both 1 and 2 minutes."

{Alcide chlorine dioxide, etc} "Alcide-treated wounds were 76%, 58%, and 88% of control wounds, respectively. Wounds treated with chlorhexidine had reduced strength at 7 days (73%) and at 10 days (78%), but by 14 days, they were similar to control wounds (94%). The main difference between the wounds was the amount of collagen formation. Alcide-treated wounds incorporated less than 50% of the amount of 14C-proline than did the wounds treated with C31G. However, Alcide-treated wounds epithelialized as rapidly as did control wounds, and had minimal scar formation. Microscopic evaluations indicated greatly reduced inflammatory infiltrates in Alcide-treated wounds, indicating that reduced wound strength may be associated with lack of fibroblast-stimulating activity by monocytes."

"composed of Part A and Part B which contains sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and lactic acid as the active ingredients, respectively"

Michael J. Wildenstein,CJF,FWCF (Hons), of Cornell Veterinary Medical College demonstrates the use of White Lightning to treat horse hooves. [Uncertain of accuracy of this viewer comment:] "the bag is not designed to soak, it is designed to contain the gas that is created when mixing the white lightning (aka sodium chlorite) and the vinegar."

"For the treatment of skin fungus (greased heels, girth itch, ringworm, minor abrasions, scratches, rain rot, etc)."

100 ppm chlorine dioxide