"Applying the dry [chlorine dioxide-generating] formulation directly to the surface of the crop increases the efficiency of the dry formulation for preventing disease caused by microorganisms when compared to prior methods that used the dry formulations to produce fumigation gases to combat the microorganisms."

{Avantec?} A medium having a support structure configured for circulation of a fluid therein, such as a replaceable filter cartridge, including a sanitizing agent which contains one or more reactants that are chemically configured for delivering chlorine dioxide or other sanitizing agents in a controlled dose to sanitize, deodorize, and disinfect upon being wetted by the fluid and positioned in the medium support structure to be exposed to the fluid circulating therein.

"But CDG has since developed Saf-T-Chlor, a proprietary heat-tolerant form of sodium chlorite that will not catch fire even when exposed to direct flame. No accidents have occured since Saf-T-Chlor was introduced." "CDG's water treatment system... First, the gas kills microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. Second, the gas neutralizes organic compounds such as algae and sulfur, which can give the water a poor taste. Third, the gas oxidizes dissolved metals such as iron and maganese, which causes them to settle out of the water so they can be be trapped in filters. If maganese isn't treated properly, it can turn water black and cause stains on laundry and plumbing fixtures."

"Hydrosil’s HS-CL is a zeolite-based media that is impregnated with sodium thiosulfate. The HS-CL is specially designed for removing chlorine, bromine, or chlorine dioxide from vapor streams. The theoretical capacity of HS-CL is approximately 8.0 percent by weight. The mechanism for chlorine/chlorine dioxide removal is a reaction with sodium thiosulfate" "The HS-CL is typically used in pulp and paper facilities, chemical, fresh and waste water treatment plants to remove chlorine, bromine, or chlorine dioxide."

" potentially useful for disinfection, decolorization, mildew control, and/or odor control."

***!!!!*** Also "major factors that affect the formation of chloroxyanion byproducts. Approximately 22% of the generated 36Cl-ClO2 was present on fumigated tomatoes after a 2 h exposure to approximately 5 mg of 36Cl-ClO2. A water rinse removed 14% of the radiochlorine." "Absent from tomatoes and cantaloupe were 36Cl-chlorite residues. Follow-up studies have shown that chlorate and perchlorate formation can be completely eliminated by protecting fumigation chambers from light sources."

"A method for producing chlorine dioxide by activating zeolite crystals (which have been impregnated with metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite, and optionally also a water-retaining substance such as magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, or calcium chloride) with excess protons, or activating an aqueous solution of metal chlorite and such a water-retaining substance with excess protons." "the solution can be mixed or otherwise combined with acid." "Presence in a sufficient amount of a water-retaining substance in the unactivated material reduces the rate of chlorine dioxide outgassing to no more than a negligible amount prior to activation."

"Snoot! Nasal Cleanser uses acidified sodium chlorite, which is often called "chlorine dioxide"; it is a very safe and widely-used sanitizer and oxidizer. But because people confuse this with "chlorine bleach" that is commonly used for making clothes white in the laundry and as a sanitizer in swimming pools, we have written"

"Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 spores isolated from a clean room environment are known to exhibit enhanced resistance to peroxide, desiccation, UV radiation and chemical disinfection than other spore-forming bacteria. The survival of B. pumilus SAFR-032 spores to standard clean room sterilization practices requires development of more stringent disinfection agents. Here, we report the effects of a stabilized chlorine dioxide-based biocidal agent against spores of B. pumilus SAFR-032 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051. Viability was determined via CFU measurement after exposure. Chlorine dioxide demonstrated efficacy towards sterilization of spores of B. pumilus SAFR-032 equivalent or better than exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate efficacy of chlorine dioxide delivered through a stabilized chlorine dioxide product as a means of sterilization of peroxide- and UV-resistant spores."

"Aims: Daily exposure to 100 p.p.m. chlorine dioxide of single species and binary biofilms of dairy-associated Bacillus cereus DL5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens M2, attached to stainless steel surfaces"

"This case study evaluates the effectiveness of generating chlorine dioxide gas using Eka Chemical's method of Purate (Sodium Chlorate/Hydrogen Peroxide) and Sulfuric Acid technology as it compares to the Vulcan (Rio Linda) chlorine gas/25% sodium chlorite system process"

"Tighter control of the microbiological activity in incoming and process waters will always bring higher efficiency in pulp and paper production, as well as contributing positively to sheet quality and printability."

1998

"In fact, the chemical reaction rate of traditional chlorine dioxide bleaching of pulp is too fast to observe the intermediate process. The mechanism behind the reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (APO), a phenolic lignin model compound, with high concentrations of chlorine dioxide was investigated. Individual solutions of each compound and a mixture of the two were analyzed by UV–vis spectrophotometry, and an absorbance band at 260 nm was observed for the stable benzoquinone intermediates at room temperature. Free chlorine dioxide displayed an absorbance at 360 nm and changes in this absorbance were studied with different APO concentrations. A fixed molar ratio of 1:3 was obtained between APO and chlorine dioxide consumption. The intermediate absorbance demonstrated a linear relationship with the APO concentration. The reaction path between APO and chlorine dioxide at high concentrations was speculated, and it was observed that the activity of C1, C2, C3, C5, and C6 on the APO benzene ring was enhanced when high concentrations of chlorine dioxide were present. From these results, a new method for efficient and clean chlorine dioxide bleaching can be developed."

{ChlordioX Plus}

1985

"Our KyroCAPS represent an innovative and patented capsule system that does not affect the smell, taste or pH value of the water."

"The process is particularly suitable to treat feedstocks used in biorefining processes, such as in ethanol fermentation."

"A liquid biocide containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid for various uses, including use as a teat dip or dairy animals. The stable, prophylactic biocide consists essentially of 0.10-20.0% by weight of a chlorite salt, 0.1-3.0% by weight of an acid, 0.10-2.0% by weight of an alkaline agent, and the balance water. Chlorite salt reacts with the acid to form germicidal chlorine dioxide and hypochlorous acid. The acid constituency and the alkaline agent constituency regulate the pH of the solution such that the biocide is stable when mixed for a period greater than two months. The present disclosure also includes a method of producing a stable, prophylactic biocide for dairy cattle, the method comprising 0.10-20.0% by weight of a chlorite salt, 0.10-3.0% by weight of an acid, 0.10-2.0% by weight of an alkaline agent, and the balance water in a container, and sealing the container. In the method, the acid and alkaline agent constituencies regulate the pH of the solution such that the formation of hydronium ions from the acid is correspondingly regulated to stabilize the solution for a period greater than two months from the date of sealing."

***!!!!***!!*** {Includes useful explanation of ppm} "Unit of ppm: ppm (parts per million) represents the ratio of 1 part per million. The weight ratio (mg / L = ppm, 1 L water is approximately equal to 1 kg) is used for liquids, and the volume ratio is used for gas. The ppm of this test applies the weight ratio in aqueous solution."

{Taiko} "A pure chlorine dioxide solution includes a chlorine dioxide gas dissolved therein, a chlorite, and a pH adjuster which is an acid or a salt thereof having a buffering property whose pH is 2.5 to 6.8 as a 5% aqueous solution at 25° C."