****!!!!****!!!!**!!!** "The amount of ClO(2) produced was higher as the concentration of sodium chlorite was increased and as the pH of the acid solutions was decreased. However, the stability in production of ClO(2) was enhanced by increasing the pH of the organic acid solutions." "Rates of inactivation tended to increase with higher pH of ClO(2) solutions. Results show that ClO(2) formed in organic acid solutions has higher stability and is more lethal to B. cereus spores than ClO(2) formed at the same concentration in HCl solution. This finding emphasizes the benefits of using organic acid solutions to prepare ClO(2) intended for use as an antimicrobial."

The oxidation reactions of N-acetylthiourea (ACTU) by chlorite and chlorine dioxide were studied in slightly acidic media. The ACTU-ClO(2)(-) reaction has a complex dependence on acid with acid catalysis in pH > 2 followed by acid retardation in higher acid conditions. In excess chlorite conditio …

"The use of supramolecular constructs and/or adducts of chlorine dioxide as strategies for mitigating chlorine dioxide-induced water treatment toxicity has not been reported to date, despite the fact that chlorine dioxide is known to form a variety of supramolecular adducts (Loginova et al., 2011;Palcso et al., 2019), including with α-cyclodextrin (Wambaugh et al., 2013)"

"This study assessed the antimicrobial properties of Aseptrol® (48 ppm and 24 ppm)" "Both disinfectants killed more susceptible bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas. aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans within 30 seconds and proved to be fungicidal by killing Candida albicans within 30 seconds.Aseptrol® and Presept® killed less susceptible mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and blood borne organism Hepatitis B virus within 30 seconds. Highly resistant B. subtilis spores were killed in 2 and 2.5 minutes by Aseptrol® and Presept® respectively." "Although manufacturers recommend that the disinfectant solutions should be prepared daily, when the shelf-life of prepared solutions stored in screw cap bottles was studied, the results showed that Aseptrol® can be effectively used for 27 day" "nosocomial infections"

Seeking a means of sanitizing berries, the effectiveness of steady state levels of gaseous chlorine dioxide against hepatitis A virus (HAV) on laboratory-contaminated berries was determined. The generated ClO2 was maintained with 1 or 2 mg/l air inside a 269-l glove box …

The effectiveness of steady-state levels of gaseous chlorine dioxide against Tulane virus (TV), a human norovirus surrogate, on berries was determined. The generated ClO2 was maintained at 1 mg/L inside a 269 L glove box to treat two 50 g batches of blueberries, raspberr …

The efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in detoxifying two potential bioterrorism agents,

"cell surface damage was more pronounced with strong oxidant such as ozone while damage in inner cell components was more apparent with weaker oxidant such as free chlorine. Chlorine dioxide showed the inactivation mechanism between these two disinfectants. The results suggest that the mechanism of cell inactivation is primarily related to the reactivity of chemical disinfectant."

Phosphate-buffered chlorine dioxide mouthrinse was effective in these short-term trials for control of waterline contamination in ultrasonic dental scaling units. It should prove as useful in dental professional waterline applications as it has in industrial uses for biofilm control.

"The main purpose of this paper was to compare the reactivity of individual NOM fractions with oxidants in order to compare the productivity of biodegradable by-products after oxidation with chlorine dioxide and ozone. The quantity as well as the quality of by-products were analysed"

Chlorine dioxide is an oxidizing, unstable, reactive, toxic, irritating, yellowish-to-reddish gas with a pungent odor resembling chlorine or nitric acid. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) forbids the transport of pure chlorine dioxide, which normally is diluted to less than 10 percent in a cold solution and shipped as a hydrate in its frozen form resembling orange-colored ice. It is used as a bleaching agent for beeswax, fats, flour, leather, oils, textiles, and wood pulp; in water-tr

Researchers at the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center invented a next-generation disinfectant system that kills the Ebola virus on surfaces.

"four formulations of RenNew-P (a close relative of RenNew-D) for possible use in the prophylaxis of CAPD peritonitis. RenNew-P (Alcide Corp. , Norwalk, Conn. , USA) is based on chlorous acid/ chlorine dioxide generating systems and differences between the four formulations involve variations in chlorite ion content, chlorous acid/ chlorine dioxide ratio, absolute concentration of available chlorine dioxide, and the nature of activators and solution pH."

"The 2 commonest fungal isolates from our animal house environment were isolated and identified ... as an Aspergillus sp. and a Penicillium sp" "It appears that in the above test, 'Alcide is capable of killing both the spores and vegetative cells of contaminants isolated from our units and animals."

" Inactivation ofL. buchneriandL. mesenteroidesincreased with greater concentration of ClO2gas, higher holding temperature, higher relative humidity, and more exposure time. Under the conditions of this study, all the selected micro-organisms could be completely inactivated, resulting in a sterilized surface. The recommended treatments for assuring sterility were 10 mg l−1ClO2gas for an exposure time of 30 min coupled with (a) high relative humidity (>90%) and holding temperatures between 9 and 28°C, or (b) high holding temperatures (25–28°C) and relative humidity above 69%."

Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature.

Microbiological contamination of eggs should be prevented in the poultry industry, as poultry is one of the major reservoirs of human Salmonella. ClO[2] gas has been reported to be an effective disinfectant in various industry fields, particularly the ...

RESIDUES FROM CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS TREATMENT, GENERATED BY DIFFERENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS, ON FRESH PRODUCE By

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an alternative oxidant to chlorine for the treatment of drinking water. ClO2 must be produced on site by the oxidation of chlorite ion or the reduction of chlorate ion. Eac...

Methods and compositions formed as a reaction product of mono-, or di-, or polysaccharide with organic, phosphoric, or boric acid, combined with chlorine dioxide or salt of chlorite, may be dry, water free, power, tablet, paste, or gel. Disinfectant for surfaces, skin, mouth, water, industrial processes, bacterial and fungal diseases. Methods of making chlorine dioxide by irradiating chlorite salt solution with UV and optionally an acid and optionally recovered by aeration.

"Spores of B. subtilis treated with hypochlorite or chlorine dioxide did not accumulate damage to their DNA, as spores with or without the two major DNA protective α/β-type small, acid soluble spore proteins exhibited similar sensitivity to these chemicals; these agents also did not cause spore mutagenesis and their efficacy in spore killing was not increased by the absence of a major DNA repair pathway. Spore killing by these two chemicals was greatly increased if spores were first chemically decoated or if spores carried a mutation in a gene encoding a protein essential for assembly of many spore coat proteins. Spores prepared at a higher temperature were also much more resistant to these agents. Neither hypochlorite nor chlorine dioxide treatment caused release of the spore core's large depot of dipicolinic acid (DPA), but hypochlorite- and chlorine dioxide-treated spores much more readily released DPA upon a subsequent normally sub-lethal heat treatment than did untreated spores." "Hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide do not kill B. subtilis spores by DNA damage, and a major factor in spore resistance to these agents appears to be the spore coat. ...While chlorine dioxide-killed spores can undergo the initial steps in spore germination, these germinated spores can go no further in this process probably because of some type of membrane damage."

***** "test rig working in a flow-through mode similar to the disinfection procedures in waterworks, but under tightly defined conditions, including very short contact times. To quantify the influence of DOC, temperature and pH on the efficacy of two standard disinfectants, chlorine and chlorine dioxide, simulated use tests were systematically performed. This test rig enabled quantitative comparison of the reduction of four test organisms, two viruses and two bacteria, in response to disinfection. Chlorine was substantially more effective against Enterococcus faecium than chlorine dioxide whereas the latter was more effective against the bacteriophage MS2, especially at pH values of >7.5 at which chlorine efficacies already decline. Contrary to expectation, ***bacteria were not generally reduced more quickly than viruses.*** Overall, the results confirm a high efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, validating them as standard disinfectants for assessing the efficacy of new disinfectants"