Cooling Water Treatment Chemistry Control and Monitoring - Power Engineering
Cooling systems offer an ideal environment for microbiological fouling. Take steps now to look for and treat scaling and fouling.
chlorine dioxide reagent used in water treatment
****!!!!****!!!!**** " In practice, based on a 10% chlorine excess compared with the stoichiometry and a 95% efficiency, 1.41 g of pure sodium chlorite and 0.61 g of chlorine will be required to produce 1 g of CℓO2." "obtained by oxidizing a solution of sodium chlorite using chlorine or hydrochloric acid" "Sodium chlorite solutions can be prepared from sodium chlorite powder. Water that has first been softened will need to be used to prevent calcium carbonate from precipitating."
Chlorine Dioxide Degradation Issues on Metal and Plastic Water Pipes Tested in Parallel in a Semi-Closed System
**** {Tested at 1 ppm and ph of 7 for 8 wks} "four different kinds of water pipes, two based on plastics, namely random polypropylene (PPR) and polyethylene of raised temperature (PERT/aluminum multilayer), and two made of metals, i.e., copper and galvanized steel, were put in a semi-closed system where ClO2 was dosed continuously. The semi-closed system allowed for the simulation of real ClO2 concentrations in common water distribution systems and to simulate the presence of pipes made with different materials from the source of water to the tap. Results show that ClO2 has a deep effect on all the materials tested (plastics and metals) and that severe damage occurs due to its strong oxidizing power in terms of surface chemical modification of metals and progressive cracking of plastics. These phenomena could in turn become an issue for the health and safety of drinking water due to progressive leakage of degraded products in the water."
US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, SELECTROCIDE 5G ~EPA
****!!!!****!!!! {Materials suitable for Chlorine Dioxide containers} "Construction should be of dark or opaque/UV-blocking (preferred) oxidation-resistant plastic or glass. Some materials recommended include: -High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)- Polypropylene (PP)- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) (PETE)- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)- Polycarbonate (PC)- Glass (UV-blocking preferred)- Gasket materials; silicone, viton or EPDM" "DECORATIVE AND ORNAMENTAL FOUNTAINS 5 ppm residual chlorine dioxide level. Circulate water in normal operation of the system.... Repeat daily until desired results are achieved." "Selective Micro® Chlorine Dioxide Test Strips"
Effect of pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide consumption in drinking water distribution systems - PubMed
Previous studies showed that temperature and total organic carbon in drinking water would cause chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) loss in a water distribution system and affect the efficiency of ClO(2) for Legionella control. However, among the various causes of ClO(2) loss in a drinking water distribution …
Effect of pipe corrosion scales on chlorine dioxideconsumption in drinking water distribution systems
"The corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO2 loss in corroded iron pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon t... The application of ClO2 in the water distribution system using cast-iron pipes is not recommended unless measures to prevent corrosion are fully implemented . Although ClO2 loss caused by corrosion scale was much slower in the copper pipe ..., it may still be necessary to prevent the corrosion and unnecessary loss of disinfectant"