****!!!!****!!!!**** {CDG Environmental} The present invention is for extremely pure solutions of chlorine dioxide, methods for making such solutions and to compositions and methods for storing, shipping and using such solutions. " " the vapor pressure of chlorine dioxide gas above aqueous solutions of the gas as a function of temperature and concentration" "Chlorine dioxide solutions can deteriorate in by chemical degradation into chlorine, oxygen, chlorite, chlorate, or other decomposition products.. these decomposition reactions either do not occur or occur at very slow rates in solutions made of pure water and ultra-pure chlorine dioxide." **** "salt substantially increases the rate of chlorine dioxide decomposition in solution" "rate of concentration loss through the walls of an HDPE 55 gallon drum ... is negligible compared to the concentration decay due to other factors." **!!** " *Such containers, prior to use, can be pre-treated by filling with a pre-treatment solution containing chlorine dioxide or with dilute chlorine dioxide gas prior to filling with solution. This saturates the walls with chlorine dioxide and greatly slows initial chlorine dioxide losses." *** "After an initial rapid rate of loss, the solution in PET bottles is almost as stable as that stored in glass" "There is no statistically significant difference in the stability of the solutions at different temperatures and salt concentrations for temperatures of less than about 25° C." "Chlorine dioxide solutions made by reacting sodium chlorite with chlorine in aqueous solution, which produces high concentrations of sodium chloride, are much less stable than solutions made using pure chlorine dioxide and pure water."

****!!!!****!!!!**** "New compositions and methods are disclosed for decontaminating surfaces and enclosures that avoid problems such as salt deposits, corrosion and condensation that accompany the use of known methods. The process involves the use of chlorine dioxide solutions prepared by passing dilute chlorine gas over solid granular sodium chlorite to produce chlorine dioxide gas which is then collected in solution." "...mixing the gas with a carrier gas to produce a gas stream containing chlorine dioxide and disinfecting an enclosure. The gas can be produced by releasing chlorine dioxide gas from an aqueous chlorine dioxide solution containing less than 10% by weight of any of hydrochloric acid, hypochlorite ion, hypochlorous acid, or sodium chloride or it can be produced directly for use, as described above. When solutions are used it is preferred that they contain no more than 5%, or more preferably 2.5%, [etc] of... contaminants." "[Anthrax treatment:] As chlorine dioxide gas is stripped out of solution in this method, micro-droplets of solution became entrained in the resulting gas stream and were carried into the building. These droplets deposited a corrosive mixture of water and contaminants throughout the building space causing severe corrosion and other damage. Even where there was no corrosion, salt deposits had to be removed after decontamination was complete. In addition, the solution became hot as it was produced and when pumped into the stripper column (material transfer device) and contacted with air heated by the blowers, the gas stream was warm and humid. This resulted in severe condensation within the building when the warm, humid air contacted cooler air and cooler surfaces in the building. Large mechanical cooling units were used to partially dehumidify the air but a method was never found to control humidity and chlorine dioxide gas concentration simultaneously."

"The corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO2 loss in corroded iron pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon t... The application of ClO2 in the water distribution system using cast-iron pipes is not recommended unless measures to prevent corrosion are fully implemented . Although ClO2 loss caused by corrosion scale was much slower in the copper pipe ..., it may still be necessary to prevent the corrosion and unnecessary loss of disinfectant"