Chemical & Biological Dynamics

the results strongly suggest that although ClO2 and sodium hypochlorite are strong antiviral agents in absence of organic matter but in presence of organic matter, ClO2 is a more potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 than sodium hypochlorite. ... disinfectant Cleverin, the major disinfecting component of which is chlorine dioxide (ClO2)

****!!!!****Reactivity of ClO2 with Inorganic and Inorganic Compounds unlike chlorine, does not tend to react with organic materials to form chlorinated species, or with ammonia to form chloramine. The oxidation of ClO2 generally begins with the removal of an electron from residual organic compounds to produce organic radicals and ClO2−. Subsequent oxidation of the organic radicals by ClO2 involves oxygen transfer with the release of HOCl or electron transfer with the release of ClO2−

With the final purpose of manufacturing electrochemically-based devices that produce chloride dioxide efficiently, this paper focuses on the production of chlorates and hydrogen peroxide in two different electrochemical cells, in which operation conditions are selected to obtain high efficiencies, and in the subsequent combination of both electrochemically manufactured solutions to produce chlorine dioxide. Results demonstrate that suitable reagents can be produced by electrolyzing 20 g L−1 sodium chloride solutions at 50 mA cm−2 and 50 °C, and 3000 mg L−1 NaClO4 solutions at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 15 °C with current efficiencies of 30.9% and 48.0%, respectively. Different tests performed with these electrolyzed solutions, and also with commercial hydrogen peroxide and chlorate solutions, demonstrate that the ratio between both reagents plays a very important role in the efficiency in the production of chlorine dioxide. Results clearly showed that, surplus chlorate should be contained in the reagent media to prevent further reduction of chlorine dioxide by hydrogen peroxide and consequently, loses of efficiency in the process. During the reaction, a gas with a high oxidation capacity and consisting mainly in chloride dioxide is produced. The results contributed to the maximum conversion reached being 89.65% using electrolyzed solutions as precursors of ClO2, confirming that this technology can be promising to manufacture portable ClO2 devices.

"FarmeTok plastic stick, which discharges chlorine dioxide at 13 ppmv / hour,"

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously increased the production and sales of disinfectants. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. The literature relating to the use of chlorine ...

ClO2 is the molecular formula of Chlorine dioxide that is commonly used to treat potable water. It is far better than chlorine because it has higher

Vital Oxide Broad Spectrum Disinfectant Spray eliminates viruses and bacteria on contact making it perfect for cleaning and sanitizing kitchen and bathroom counters, showers, tile, concrete, and other hard surfaces. A green, environmentally safe alternative to chlorine cleaners and disinfectants.

Chlorine dioxide is a reddish or yellowish-green gas at room temperature that dissolves in water.

The effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (CD) to remove phorate and diazinon residues on fresh lettuce and in aqueous solution was investigated. The resu…

{Alcide Corporation, Howard Alliger, etc}

Our goal has only ever been about one thing: creating a stronger, safer sanitizer. We’ve accomplished this with our four signature solutions: Verisan, Virusan, PetSan and VeggieSan.

{Exspor & Clidox CD} "Chorine dioxide is not only a potent sporicide when used in aqueous solution, but has also been shown to be 1,075 times more sporicidal than ethylene oxide gas when used in the gaseous state1, a trait Dr. Trexler considers essential for any sporicide used in Gnotobiotics because air bubbles can become trapped below liquids" "0.007%. The stoichiometry of the reaction of the Clidox-S® base (sodium chlorite) with the Clidox-S® activator (hydroacetic acid) shows that even if every single molecule of the 0.85% sodium chlorite in the Clidox-S® base were converted completely to chlorine dioxide, it would still not generate the 3% (30,000 ppm) of chlorine dioxide cited." "the role of biological burden should have been given more consideration. What is the probability that a million spores would fall from the ambient air into an entry port during the brief time it is open? With an exposure time of mere minutes, one would undoubtedly be challenged with no more than 10 to a 40 viable dust particles and about 1 to 4 of them would be sporeforming species"

****!!!!****!!!!**** {ICA TriNova} "method for treating an object with chlorine dioxide gas, comprising contacting the object with chlorine dioxide gas while exposing the object to less than 1000 lux of light. The disclosed method minimizes chlorine containing residue on the surface of the object. The object can be a raw agricultural commodity (RAC) such as a raw fruit or vegetable." "Residues on the walls of each jar were quantitatively recovered by washing the walls sequentially with 4-50 mL aliquots of nanopure water and combining the aliquots with additional water to bring the total volume to 250 mL. These washings were analyzed by ion chromatography for chlorate and perchlorate ions. Based on reaction profiling of these particle mixtures, the weights of the particles provided within the TYVEK sachets were adjusted so that, upon reacting, a total of 1.6 mg of ClO2 would have been produced in each jar during the 2 hour period. " "Gas Chamber Studies Show Chlorate and Perchlorate Ions can be Minimized and in the Case of Perchlorate Eliminated when Fumigation is Performed in the Substantial Absence of Light when RACs are Present" "At 120 minutes, chlorine dioxide concentrations... fell well below expected concentrations, likely due to system leaks or to chlorine dioxide reacting with the exposure chambers themselves or with the silicone sealant used on the tanks. When tomatoes were present in the treatment chambers, chlorine dioxide gas was measurable only through 30 minutes for two replicates and through 60 minutes for one replicate. These data clearly indicate that tomatoes acted as a chlorine dioxide sink, consistent with studies using radiolabel showing the propensity for chlorine dioxide consumption by biologic materials, especially those tissues with a porous surface"

****!!!!**** "The photodecomposition in solution has also been studied and appears to differ very considerably from the reaction in the gas phase."

(1964)

**** "PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE" "THERMAL REACTIONS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE"

"method of the invention provides for efficient, cost effective, and safe production of ClO2 as well as inorganic salts and/or compound fertilizer."

****!!!!**** "The goal was to validate a cycle that could be used to treat a pharmaceutical manufacturer’s beta-lactam [antibiotics] manufacturing equipment for the future production of non-beta-lactam compounds"

By now you might feel like you are familiar with Vital Oxide and some of its many powerful assets from destroying odors, mold, other fungi, viruses and bacteria. But what is it that makes Vital Oxide such a safe, dependable, and powerful tool? Let's take a minute and check out the science behind this powerhouse. The Science Okay, a moment of truth here. I was not very good at science. I squeaked by with Bs and Cs, but guess what? You don't have to understand science to understand the powerful el

We all want to use the safest and most effective products in our homes and around our families. Walk down the cleaning supplies aisle in your local supermarket and you’ll discover an enormous array of products – many of them familiar to you from advertisements. With so many choices and such aggressive promotion, it’s tough to figure out what you really need to clean your home and which products may do more harm than good. The reality is that the toxic chemicals found in most conventional cleaning products – even those that claim to be “natural” – are linked with all kinds of health concerns. For example, pine and citrus-based cleaners contain a class of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known as terpenes. Terpenes may also be found in other cleaning products and air fresheners that contain other essential oils for fragrance. They can react with ozone to form formaldehyde, an asthmagen and known human carcinogen. Other toxic chemicals used in common household products are linked to a shocking number of health risks like asthma, allergies, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, cancer, burns, and poisonings.  You may have heard that Vital Oxide is an all-in-one EPA-registered hospital disinfectant, cleaner, sanitizer, mold and mildew remover, and allergen and odor eliminator. Lately, Vital Oxide has been making headlines all over the world because of its versatility, effectiveness, and approval by the EPA for use against SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19. But is Vital Oxide safe? What are the ingredients? And what makes Vital Oxide different from other products?  We’ve got the details for you here. Vital Oxide’s Hero Ingredient: Chlorine Dioxide  Vital Oxide harnesses the power of oxygen – in the form of stabilized chlorine dioxide – to create a fast-acting, environmentally-friendly, effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.  Chlorine dioxide is a versatile disinfectant that was introduced to the U.S. in the 1940s to disinfect drinking water. And while it has chlorine in its name, it’s very different from chlorine bleach. Unlike bleach, which has a harsh odor and forms trihalomethanes when mixed with water, making it extremely corrosive – chlorine dioxide breaks down into water, oxygen, and common table salt, making it much less corrosive to surfaces and more versatile in a variety of application situations.  Chlorine dioxide (CLO2) is considered an excellent bactericide, fungicide and antimicrobial agent. But how does it work? CLO2 is a strong oxidant that works by removing a single electron from other compounds during a chemical reaction. By taking electrons from microbes, the microbe’s molecular bonds weaken and the cell breaks apart. This process alters the proteins involved in their structure and decreases enzyme function, thus resulting in the death of the microbe. This attack on many proteins simultaneously prevents the microorganisms from mutating and developing resistance.  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recognizes chlorine dioxide use as a drinking water disinfectant, and it is included in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Chlorine dioxide has also been used during Anthrax attacks, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, to disinfect hospitals and other healthcare environments, in food processing, and most recently to help combat SARS-CoV-2.  Safe to Use Around the Home A heavy duty odor and allergen eliminator, carpet sanitizer (awarded the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Seal of Approval, Vital Oxide is also effective at sanitizing carpets and removing pet odors), and a mold and mildew remover with up to six months residual effectiveness. Vital Oxide’s non-corrosive and non-irritating formula is gentle on the skin. Vital Oxide has no added fragrances, dyes, or preservatives, no skin or respiratory allergens or irritants. It has no harmful chemicals, toxic residues or fumes, and earns the lowest toxicity level that the EPA gives for pesticide (disinfectant) applications – Category 4 – which means that you don’t need to wear a mask, gloves, or any other personal protection equipment while applying it. You can even spray down your cutting board, countertop, or other food prep surface to clean and sanitize without having to rinse. Vital Oxide is NSF certified D2 (No Rinse Required) as a food contact surface sanitizer, and kills 99.999% of bacteria, including common foodborne illnesses like E. coli and Salmonella. You can also use it to safely clean and deodorize your funky yoga mat, smelly sneakers, fido’s stinky squeaky toy, bad smelling baby gear, and more, no rinsing needed. Simply spray and walk away. Safe to Use on Virtually Any Surface  Vital Oxide is non-irritating to the skin and non-corrosive to treated articles. It’s also colorless, odorless, and will not harm water-safe fabrics. Vital Oxide can be used on countertops, in the fridge, on children’s toys, on luggage, in the bathroom, on bedding and furniture, in the car, on airplanes, in classrooms and on school buses, and more. The possibilities are endless.  Vital Oxide is an Environmentally-Friendly Choice  After use, Vital Oxide’s hero ingredient, chlorine dioxide, breaks down into water, oxygen, and simple salt, making it an excellent environmental choice. And because it replaces bleach, conventional disinfectants, ammonia-based glass cleaners, deodorizers, and kitchen and bathroom cleaners, you can eliminate the need for all that extra plastic, too.  With Vital Oxide, you get powerful cleaning and disinfecting without all the harmful ingredients. It’s the only product you’ll ever need!  Learn more about the science behind our product, as well as tons of great tips on cleaning, disinfecting, and more. If you have any questions, please Contact Us or Send Us a Message on Facebook. We’re here to help.

Chlorine Dioxide is an eco-friendly, natural biocide and disinfectant with a pH-Neutral formulation, making it safe and effective for all surfaces.

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2. This reddish-yellow gas crystallizes as orange crystals at −59 °C.

The EPA lists PERFORMACIDE® as a registered disinfectant that meets the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) criteria for use against the Ebola virus.