Chemical & Biological Dynamics

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Answer: I have no idea what that chemical is, so take this advice for what you paid for it - but in similar instances that I have run into, I would open the windows on your car on every sunny, nice, and hopefully breezy day and let Mother Nature go to work. I have seen very few instances where sh...

Sequential combination of Sodium Chlorite, Hydrochloric Acid, and DMSO to form Chlorine Dioxide.

Chlorine Dioxide is a safe and effective disinfectant. It differs from chlorine and is highly potent against pathogens. Scotmas

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously increased the production and sales of disinfectants. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. The literature relating to the use of ...

the results strongly suggest that although ClO2 and sodium hypochlorite are strong antiviral agents in absence of organic matter but in presence of organic matter, ClO2 is a more potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 than sodium hypochlorite. ... disinfectant Cleverin, the major disinfecting component of which is chlorine dioxide (ClO2)

****!!!!****Reactivity of ClO2 with Inorganic and Inorganic Compounds unlike chlorine, does not tend to react with organic materials to form chlorinated species, or with ammonia to form chloramine. The oxidation of ClO2 generally begins with the removal of an electron from residual organic compounds to produce organic radicals and ClO2−. Subsequent oxidation of the organic radicals by ClO2 involves oxygen transfer with the release of HOCl or electron transfer with the release of ClO2−

With the final purpose of manufacturing electrochemically-based devices that produce chloride dioxide efficiently, this paper focuses on the production of chlorates and hydrogen peroxide in two different electrochemical cells, in which operation conditions are selected to obtain high efficiencies, and in the subsequent combination of both electrochemically manufactured solutions to produce chlorine dioxide. Results demonstrate that suitable reagents can be produced by electrolyzing 20 g L−1 sodium chloride solutions at 50 mA cm−2 and 50 °C, and 3000 mg L−1 NaClO4 solutions at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 15 °C with current efficiencies of 30.9% and 48.0%, respectively. Different tests performed with these electrolyzed solutions, and also with commercial hydrogen peroxide and chlorate solutions, demonstrate that the ratio between both reagents plays a very important role in the efficiency in the production of chlorine dioxide. Results clearly showed that, surplus chlorate should be contained in the reagent media to prevent further reduction of chlorine dioxide by hydrogen peroxide and consequently, loses of efficiency in the process. During the reaction, a gas with a high oxidation capacity and consisting mainly in chloride dioxide is produced. The results contributed to the maximum conversion reached being 89.65% using electrolyzed solutions as precursors of ClO2, confirming that this technology can be promising to manufacture portable ClO2 devices.

"FarmeTok plastic stick, which discharges chlorine dioxide at 13 ppmv / hour,"

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously increased the production and sales of disinfectants. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. The literature relating to the use of chlorine ...

ClO2 is the molecular formula of Chlorine dioxide that is commonly used to treat potable water. It is far better than chlorine because it has higher

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Chlorine dioxide is a reddish or yellowish-green gas at room temperature that dissolves in water.

The effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (CD) to remove phorate and diazinon residues on fresh lettuce and in aqueous solution was investigated. The resu…

{Alcide Corporation, Howard Alliger, etc}

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{Exspor & Clidox CD} "Chorine dioxide is not only a potent sporicide when used in aqueous solution, but has also been shown to be 1,075 times more sporicidal than ethylene oxide gas when used in the gaseous state1, a trait Dr. Trexler considers essential for any sporicide used in Gnotobiotics because air bubbles can become trapped below liquids" "0.007%. The stoichiometry of the reaction of the Clidox-S® base (sodium chlorite) with the Clidox-S® activator (hydroacetic acid) shows that even if every single molecule of the 0.85% sodium chlorite in the Clidox-S® base were converted completely to chlorine dioxide, it would still not generate the 3% (30,000 ppm) of chlorine dioxide cited." "the role of biological burden should have been given more consideration. What is the probability that a million spores would fall from the ambient air into an entry port during the brief time it is open? With an exposure time of mere minutes, one would undoubtedly be challenged with no more than 10 to a 40 viable dust particles and about 1 to 4 of them would be sporeforming species"

****!!!!****!!!!**** {ICA TriNova} "method for treating an object with chlorine dioxide gas, comprising contacting the object with chlorine dioxide gas while exposing the object to less than 1000 lux of light. The disclosed method minimizes chlorine containing residue on the surface of the object. The object can be a raw agricultural commodity (RAC) such as a raw fruit or vegetable." "Residues on the walls of each jar were quantitatively recovered by washing the walls sequentially with 4-50 mL aliquots of nanopure water and combining the aliquots with additional water to bring the total volume to 250 mL. These washings were analyzed by ion chromatography for chlorate and perchlorate ions. Based on reaction profiling of these particle mixtures, the weights of the particles provided within the TYVEK sachets were adjusted so that, upon reacting, a total of 1.6 mg of ClO2 would have been produced in each jar during the 2 hour period. " "Gas Chamber Studies Show Chlorate and Perchlorate Ions can be Minimized and in the Case of Perchlorate Eliminated when Fumigation is Performed in the Substantial Absence of Light when RACs are Present" "At 120 minutes, chlorine dioxide concentrations... fell well below expected concentrations, likely due to system leaks or to chlorine dioxide reacting with the exposure chambers themselves or with the silicone sealant used on the tanks. When tomatoes were present in the treatment chambers, chlorine dioxide gas was measurable only through 30 minutes for two replicates and through 60 minutes for one replicate. These data clearly indicate that tomatoes acted as a chlorine dioxide sink, consistent with studies using radiolabel showing the propensity for chlorine dioxide consumption by biologic materials, especially those tissues with a porous surface"

****!!!!**** "The photodecomposition in solution has also been studied and appears to differ very considerably from the reaction in the gas phase."

(1964)

**** "PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE" "THERMAL REACTIONS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE"

"method of the invention provides for efficient, cost effective, and safe production of ClO2 as well as inorganic salts and/or compound fertilizer."

****!!!!**** "The goal was to validate a cycle that could be used to treat a pharmaceutical manufacturer’s beta-lactam [antibiotics] manufacturing equipment for the future production of non-beta-lactam compounds"

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