Chemical & Biological Dynamics

The heme enzyme chlorite dismutase (Cld) catalyzes the degradation of chlorite to chloride and dioxygen. Although structure and steady-state kinetics of Clds have been elucidated, many questions remain (e.g., the mechanism of chlorite cleavage and the ...

******* Alcide (sodium chlorite and lactic acid combined to make chlorine dioxide). "Alcide inhibited DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis; however, RNA and protein synthesis were affected at much lower concentrations. The accumulation of the amino acid analog amino-isobutyric acid into growing cultures of E. coli was only partially impaired by Alcide. Cell-free protein synthesis using an RNA directed system was inhibited by Alcide and this effect was lessened in the presence of mercaptoethanol. Higher concentrations of Alcide (1 mM) oxidized 25% of the methionine to methionine sulfoxide."

Sodium chlorite has been demonstrated to be capable of epoxidizing a variety of olefins at 55−65 °C (oil bath). Chlorine dioxide is believed to be the pivotal epoxidizing agent in the reaction on the basis of the mechanistic studies.

gemini fluorocarbon, sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate

The stability and bactericidal efficacy of solid chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant powder in single-pack are good. The solution containing 100 mg/L ClO2 can kill vegetative forms of bacteria. The concentration of ClO2 on the disinfecting surface of objects is 100 mg/L. The disinfectant powder is n …

**** We studied the production and stability of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) in organic acid solutions and its effectiveness in killing Bacillus cereus spores. Sodium chlorite (5000, 10,000, or 50,000 microg/ml) was added to 5% acetic, citric, or lactic acid solution, adjusted to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0, a …

" Pre-dipping in 100 – 300 ppm Acidified sodium chlorite or 0.02-0.06% carvacrol rendered the pathogen more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat."

An instrument-free gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) method to control microorganisms on potatoes during storage was developed. Gaseous ClO(2) was generated by combining an equal amount of impregnated sodium chlorite and activating acids in a ****sachet**** without using any solution or equipment. After act …

*** Lists several studies on dynamics of CHLORINE DIOXIDE DECOMPOSITION. *** Includes "Distribution and Chemical Fate of 36Cl-Chlorine Dioxide Gas during the Fumigation of Tomatoes and Cantaloupe" AND "Chloroxyanion Residues in Cantaloupe and Tomatoes after Chlorine Dioxide Gas Sanitation" "laboratory illumination being the major influence on the composition of residues. Oxidized products of chlorine dioxide present in tank rinsewater from trial A represented a major amount of residue (95.3% of tank rinse residue), but for trial C (dark) the major residue was chloride (78.1% of tank rinse activity) with only 13.9% of the radioactivity being present as chlorate or perchlorate" "...even in the presence of water vapor..., light must be present to catalyze the formation of chlorate (and perchlorate)."

A decontamination trial on the effectiveness of hot water or acidified sodium chlorite (SANOVA) treatment on Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Total Viable Count (TVC) was undertaken on pork carcases prior to primary chilling in two large pork abattoirs in Australia using belly-strip excision sa …

The ASC production with the DAR procedure using the saturated reactants maximizes both the antimicrobial compound yields and bactericidal effects of the ASC solutions.

{I believe this is PureVista by PureLine. John Thangaraj is co-inventor.}

At home, I clean the tiled floors by mopping with highly diluted bleach. After mopping, I let the floor dry. What happens to the acid in the bleach? Will it crystallize on the floor, stay there

Like ozone, the predominant oxidation reaction mechanism for chlorine dioxide proceeds through a process known as free radical electrophilic (i.e. electron-attracting) abstraction rather than by oxidative substitution or addition (as in chlorinating agents such as chlorine or hypochlorite).

stoichiometry: you need 5 moles of chlorite for 4 moles of hydrochloric acid. The reaction proceeds to completion, and you get 4 moles of ClO

I have some sodium chlorite and Chinese mystery powder which are meant to be mixed with water, then mixed together to form chlorine dioxide. I wanted to try a more food safe (and less mysterious) r...

"The solution actually contains sodium chlorite NaClO2, which is the salt of the unstable chlorous acid HClO2. At low pH, chlorite solutions contain chlorous acid ... which decomposes to form chlorine dioxide...****At higher pH, decomposition of sodium chlorite slows down.***** Therefore, sodium chlorite is mainly stabilized by using a buffered solution. In your product, the buffer consists of trisodium phosphate and citric acid. Thus, a better description would be “stabilized sodium chlorite” instead of “stabilized chlorine dioxide”.

"chlorine dioxide consumption is related to the dissolved oxygen content (DOC) of the water and the reaction time." "Your municipal tap water should not contain larger amounts of transition metals, and sees no sunlight." "And yes, likely limited superoxide presence which is why ClO2 is likely employed (so called post-treatment) and remains largely effective."

{Tristel chlorine dioxide effectiveness in combination with light treatment}

****!!!!****** "Results demonstrate Tristel chlorine dioxide completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in 30 seconds in the presence of soiling in accordance with EN 14476:2013+A2:2019, at a concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm)."****!!!!*** {Tristel Chlorine Dioxide effectiveness against Coronaviruses in wipes, sprays, & foam products}

******* "Tristel chlorine dioxide has been tested by a United States Biosafety Category 3 laboratory. Results demonstrate Tristel chlorine dioxide completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in 30 seconds in the presence of soilingin accordance with EN 14476:2013+A2:2019, at a concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm)."

"The controlled disinfection reactions described in this paper provide baseline information necessary for understanding ClO2 efficacy against CCL viral pathogens in treated water under high- and low-pH and -temperature conditions. " "Further studies are needed to determine whether EPA guidance manual ClO2 Ct values are adequate for reducing viruses in an aggregated state, associated with particulate matter, and in natural waters."

Microorganisms develop in food during slaughtering, processing, packaging operations and transportation. Foodborne infections and decay are major concerns for farmers and the food industry. Gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is increasingly used for disinfection in packaging of fresh meat, meat products and other produce because ClO2 has strong antimicrobial effect with minimal impact on the environment. Antimicrobial packaging is an advanced technique that integrates antimicrobial compounds into the packaging material to suppress the growth of microorganisms. Aqueous ClO2 has been utilized fo...

There has been a trend towards the use of microorganisms to recover metals from industrial wastewater, for which various methods have been reported to be used to improve microorganism adsorption characteristics such as absorption capacity, tolerance and reusability. In present study, chlorine dioxid …

"There has been a trend toward the use of microorganisms as the biomaterial for removing dyes and metals from wastewater. However, native microorganism cells have low mechanical stability, which limit their further application in industries. In this study, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), a high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and environmentally benign disinfectant, was used for microorganism surface modification to enhance the mechanical stability and metal ion adsorption of the cell. ClO2 can either modify cell walls to improve their metal adsorption capacity or modify cell membranes to improve their mechanical stability... ClO2 treatment could deter cell membranes from forming vesicles in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, and ... ClO2 treatment could alter the erythrocyte membrane proteins which might also contribute to improving the cell stability. The experimental results on Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mucor rouxii show that ClO2 treatment may increase, or at least not reduce, the ability of microbial cells to adsorb heavy metals, but it can significantly improve the resistance of these cells to NaOH cleavage. It seems ClO2 is a promising auxiliary for biosorption of heavy-metal ions."

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a highly effective disinfectant for food and potable water treatment. Till now, the action mode of ClO2 is still unclear. ClO2, can denature proteins by oxidizing tyrosine, tryptophan, and cysteine. We reviewed the pathways by which ClO02 reacts with important bio-molecules, as well as the primary target sites at individual cellular level of ClO2-induced biocidal effects.

Trihalomethane (THM) formation was determined by gas chromatography in water disinfected with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) only or ClO2 combined with chlorine (Cl2), to lay a basis for water disinfected with ClO2. Results showed no THM was produced in water disinfected with ClO2 only if without existence …