Chemical & Biological Dynamics

The present invention relates to a dosing system comprising a housing enclosing : a first closed container adapted to contain a solution of a first oxychlorine compound, the first closed container including a first conduit and a second conduit; and a second closed container adapted to contain a neutralizer, the second closed container in fluid communication with the first closed container via the second conduit, wherein the first conduit is adapted to convey the solution of the first oxychlorine compound or part thereof to mix with a fluid to obtain and dispense a cleaning fluid, and wherei...

The present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising chlorine dioxide having a concentration of at least 4 g of chlorine dioxide per liter, to a method for producing such aqueous composition and to a kit comprising concentrated solutions of chlorite salt, and bisuiphate and persulphate salt. The composition according to the invention can advantageously be used in oil and gas industry, for the treatment of industrial waste water, for the treatment of household waste water, for the treatment of drinking water, for controlling odours, and/or for disinfection of food, goods, anima...

The photochemistry of condensed films of OClO was examined with photofragment spectroscopy. Photolysis of multilayers of OClO on a polycrystalline Pt surface with 355 nm light yields predominantly atomic O, O2, atomic Cl, and ClO photofragments. We have measured the quantum yield for the Cl product channel to be 0.8±0.1, which is approximately 800 times higher than reported values for the non‐resonant gas‐phase photolysis of OClO. This result may have implications for stratospheric ozone chemistry.

"Theformation of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), which is known to reactwith DPD,22is also excluded on the basis of the observationthat sparging with argon, which will remove ClO2if present, didnot decrease the observed DPD•+absorbance in both thepresence and absence of glycine (Figure S5of the SupportingInformation)."

Equine fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to six dilutions of chlorhexidine gluconate, a chlorous acid‐chlorine dioxide irrigation solution, a chlorous acid‐chlorine di...

"The data showed that the residual of chlorine dioxide could stood more active than residual of chlorine in the aqueous environment significantly."

What formula what one use to convert a 75% purity Sodium Chlorite powder to 25% solution? Thanks.

What is chlorine dioxide? Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a highly effective, eco-friendly micro biocide that carries the US EPA, FDA and UK Government approvals for many of its uses. It is a selective oxidant that eliminates many pathogenic organisms including Legionella, Listeria, Salmonella, amoeba cysts, Giardia cysts, E. Coli, and Cryptosporidium. Importantly, CIO2 also destroys [...]

Download Citation | Corrosion of stainless steels in chlorine dioxide solution | Until recently, chlorine used to be an important chemical in bleaching process in paper industry, but as a result of environmental concerns, it is... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

SMT’s ultra-pure ClO2 minimizes downtown for diagnostic equipment such as chemistry, immunoassay & hematology analyzers by decontaminating fluidic lines.

***!!!!*** {Includes table of pathogen effectiveness levels} "Chlorite is the major inorganic by-product of the reaction of chlorine dioxide in water. Usually, the amount of chlorite formed will be 40-60% of the amount of chlorine dioxide which has reacted. " "Chlorine dioxide systems: acid chlorite and electrochemical generators "Typical chlorite yield for an acid-chlorite generator varies between 65-68%. Overall conversion efficiency is much lower than this as much of the acid remains unreacted." "Chlorine Dioxide ClO2 will inactivate pathogenic micro-organisms at the same rate between pH 5 and 9. This makes it ideal for disinfection of potable water and process water where the pH is up around 8.0." "ClO2 is approximately 5 times more soluble than chlorine and 50 times more soluble than ozone." "Chlorine Dioxide Reaction with Inorganic Compounds--Ammonia Nitrogen... Iron... Manganese..." "Sulfur Compounds... Cyanide..." "Oil and Gas... frac water"

how to efficiently prevent and control intestinal disease?

Recommend: The most Appropriate Package of ClO2 Table

{ Fumigation against Bacillus anthracis} "Results from the 750 ppmv ClO2 fumigation suggest that 750 ppmv was more damaging to Category 4 materials than the 3000 ppmv ClO2 fumigation. Although both fumigation concentrations resulted in severe physical damage to the computers by promoting rusting and corrosion, only the computers exposed to 750 ppmv ClO2 experienced unrecoverable failures. It is not readily understood why the lower concentration (same RH) fumigation was more damaging; however, the same sample size and difference in computer batches cannot be ruled out as confounding parameters." "fumigation with ClO2 produced large amounts of dust inside the computers... an acrid smell (attributed to hydrogen chloride)... Vacuuming of the visible dust not only served to remove the majority of this probable health hazard and prevent the dust from being spread... also may have assisted in keeping all computers almost fully operational after an entire calendar year. "

"Chlorine dioxide generated by acidifying sodium chlorite solutions (sometimes called stabilised chlorine dioxide) can also be highly corrosive due to the presence of excess acid. Pure chlorine dioxide whether present as a gas or as a solution in water is not corrosive."

"By “stealing” electrons from them (oxidation), CD breaks their molecular bonds, resulting in the death of the organism by the break up of the cell. Since CD alters the proteins involved in the structure of microorganisms, the enzymatic function is broken, causing very rapid bacterial kills." "potency of CD is attributable to the simultaneous, oxidative attack on many proteins, thereby preventing the cells from mutating to a resistant form. Additionally, because of the lower reactivity of chlorine dioxide, its antimicrobial action is retained longer in the presence of organic matter." "Due to the low temperature of +15° to +40°C, the CD sterilization process is well suited for medical devices with embedded electronics."

"The corrosion scale will cause much more significant ClO2 loss in corroded iron pipes of the distribution system than the total organic carbon t... The application of ClO2 in the water distribution system using cast-iron pipes is not recommended unless measures to prevent corrosion are fully implemented . Although ClO2 loss caused by corrosion scale was much slower in the copper pipe ..., it may still be necessary to prevent the corrosion and unnecessary loss of disinfectant"

{Ingredients/additives for soap; slow-release CD powder} {John Thangaraj patent (SIPKA) for hand soap, etc.} "in the prior art, powder or granular preparations... were known to be substantially ineffective for producing chlorine dioxide unless the powder/granules were retained in a sachet or other water-permeable barrier that provided a controlled exposure to water. The use of polyacrylate... dispenses with that requirement." "Calcium and magnesium salts are not recommended for use as desiccators... since they add to the hardness of water and reduce soap properties. " "high stability of the chlorine dioxide soap solutions described herein is believed to be due to the presence of certain surfactants... chlorine dioxide is even retained on the surface to which it has been applied (e.g., during cleaning, etc.) for a longer period of time in the presence of a surfactant(s)" "a relatively high yield of chlorine dioxide is obtained from a solid composition that has a relatively greater amount of acid and a relatively lesser amount of alkali chlorite salt" "Anionic, non-ionic, and cationic surfactants that include nitrogen-containing compounds, such as amines, ammonia, quaternary ammonium salts, or urea, are generally not suitable for use in conjunction... [because] readily react with chlorine dioxide, interfere with its release, or otherwise reduce its concentration" "one or more of fillers, disintegrates for tablet formulations, thickeners, and/or foaming agents are also incorporated"

Common Uses and P.P.M. General Reference Guide  This chart is for general reference only. Some applications such as commercial water applications may require a different ppm or CT time depending on the specific application, amount of contamination, and microbes being targeted. This chart is representative of the amounts of chlorine dioxide known to be used for applications based on product information, EPA, and FDA reports. PLEASE NOTE: OUR PRODUCTS ARE NOT REGISTERED BY THE E.P.A. AND ARE OFFERED ONL

{Includes more useful info, as well} "Bubnis (2009) reported the loss of chlorine dioxide in ballast water. This experiment clearly demonstrated that any chlorine dioxide residuals that might be present following the treatment of ballast water will quickly be consumed by dilution and demand. Chlorine dioxide and its transformation products (chlorite and chlorate) showed similar demand features when tested in divers waters. The author observed an initial fast demand for chlorine dioxide along with a slower continuing loss of chlorite and chlorate ions." "Photodecomposition of chlorite in aqueous solution is rapid with a half life of about 10 minutes depending on concentration. Oxygen, chloride and chlorate are produced as stable end-products with the formation of chlorine and chlorine dioxide as intermediates."

{This statement likely is not actually very applicable for chlorine dioxide used separately: "Another study (4) indicates that exposure to water over-saturated with all (3) common disinfectants – chlorine, chloramine and chlorine dioxide significantly affected stability of PEX pipe during testing, making the pipe more brittle and prone to cracking. This is another important reason to assure that your PEX plumbing pipe meets ASTM F2023 standard for resistance of PEX to chlorine. There exist opinions that F2023 is not comprehensive since it does not include chloramine and chlorine dioxide testing, but the study evidence suggests it is not necessary since all (3) disinfectants affect the pipe in a similar manner. "

A method of making a composition having the property of being able to store chlorine dioxide includes mixing an aqueous chlorine dioxide solution with a superabsorbent, water-soluble polymer that is substantially unreactive with chlorine dioxide and permitting a mixture formed thereby to form one of a gel and a solid composition. A method of delivering chlorine dioxide includes providing a gel or solid composition as described and degelling the gel or dissolving the solid composition to dispense the chlorine dioxide therefrom. A method of disinfecting a target such as water, wastewater, or ...