Chemical & Biological Dynamics

Data suggest that ClO2 damage to E. coli O157:H7 is not primarily located at the cell wall and harms cells significantly different than NaOCl at comparable concentrations

CD safety to spray on woody plants for pathogen contr

Chlorine dioxide water treatment has advantages over chlorine, ozone, UV and other methods. Learn about benefits, disadvantages, dosing, and compliance.

{Water carbonate hardness (from calcium & magnesium ions) doesn't affect CD activity.} Chlorine dioxide is oxidized by Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions to precipitate ferric hydroxide and manganese oxide, respectively (7). Chlorine dioxide does not react with ammonia, bromides, nitrate, hard water, and zinc. Mn was determined to be highly influential on the biocidal activity of ClO2, Fe to have a small but negligible effect, and Cu and Zn to have no effect on ClO2 activity. Plant Disease / Vol. 88 No. 2 188

{Mixing instructions, etc} "If you want the... report send me an e-mail"

{More at http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKB202007014.htm} 2020

{Comparison of gas & liquid solution of chlorine dioxide, and sodium hypochlorite}. Low levels of chlorine dioxide (0.3 mg/l chlorine dioxide gas and 7 mg/l aqueous solution) for 10 min resulted in similar log reductions compared to 50 mg/l sodium hypochlorite."

Resulting chemicals from different ingreds for airborne CD gas

Environmental chemical exposure is a major concern for consumers of packaged goods. The complexity of chemical nomenclature and wide availability of scientific research provide detailed information but lends itself to misinterpretation by the lay person. ...

****!!!!*** " Virucidal effects of chlorous acid on enveloped and non-enveloped viruses were characterized. The virucidal activity was prominent in enveloped viruses. However, among non-enveloped viruses, viruses such as human rhinovirus and feline calicivirus showed a significant sensitivity to the reagent, whereas others such as poliovirus and coxsackievirus showed a weak sensitivity to the reagent, ***suggesting the presence of 2 classes of sensitivity to the reagent, among non-enveloped viruses.*** In addition, characterization of the mode of inactivation by the reagent revealed that ***virus inactivation is strongly dependent on virus species, contaminated proteins, and solvent system composition.**** Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of chlorous acid with those of sodium hypochlorite or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealed that chlorous acid was similar to SDS and remarkably weaker than sodium hypochlorite. These results indicate the unique nature of chlorous acid as a potent virucidal agent with tolerable tissue damage, and reveal the merits and limitations of chlorous acid as a disinfectant in food hygiene and sanitizer in healthcare."

Concentrations for effectiveness against pathogens (inc 10 ppm and 100 ppm)

{Many useful citation extracts} "the antimicrobial activity of ClO2 is attributable primarily to its protein-denaturing activity. By solubility analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and measurement of enzymatic activity, I demonstrate that protein is rapidly denatured by ClO2 with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of ClO2 in the reaction mixture. Circular dichroism spectra of the ClO2-treated proteins show a change in ellipticity at 220 nm, indicating a decrease in alpha-helical content. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that transition temperature and endothermic transition enthalpy of heat-induced unfolding decrease in the ClO2-treated protein. The enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreases to 10% within 15 s of treatment with 10 microM ClO2. Elemental analyses show that oxygen, but not chlorine, atoms are incorporated in the ClO2-treated protein, providing direct evidence that protein is oxidized by ClO2. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy show that tryptophan residues become N-formylkynurenine and tyrosine residues become 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) or 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA) in the ClO2-treated proteins. Taking these results together, I conclude that microbes are inactivated by ClO2 owing to denaturation of constituent proteins critical to their integrity and/or function, and that this denaturation is caused primarily by covalent oxidative modification of their tryptophan and tyrosine residues."

The effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on properties and performance of 10 selected polymeric packaging materials, including polyethylene (PE), biaxially oriented poly(propylene), polystyrene...

no2 readily forms a dimer whereas clo2 does not - Chemistry - TopperLearning.com | ko7sbmzz

ICSC 0127 - CHLORINE DIOXIDE. International Labor Organization. International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)

Sodium Chlorate, etc

Find the hybridization as well identify the pπ-pπ as well as pπ-dπ bonds in $\ce{ClO2}$. $\ce{ClO2}$ has 2 $\sigma$ bonds, 1 lone pair, 2π bonds and 1 odd electron. Hybridisation is equal to numb...