Chemical & Biological Dynamics

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To prepare and evaluate novel chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant powder in single-pack that is more convenient for use and transportation.Orthogonal …

Related to Resonant Biosciences livestock feed

Mutagenicity of drinking water is due not only to industrial, agricultural and urban pollution but also to chlorine disinfection by-products. Furthermore, residual disinfection is used to provide a partial safeguard against low level contamination and bacterial re-growth within the distribution syst …

Progress is being made in identifying interventions to prevent transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in ICUs, although the strength of the evidence is limited compared with many therapeutic interventions. Large MRSA control initiatives launched during 2006 and 2007 may build on this work; …

In general, bactericidal efficacy against biofilms differed by active ingredient. The efficacies of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants did not vary between strains, but there were significant differences between strains treated with quaternary ammonium chloride disinfectants.

Sodium hypochlorite demonstrated superior efficacy in controlling both planktonic and biofilm states of growth in S aureus. Furthermore, the characteristic morphologic changes observed in strong biofilm formers hint at its biofilm-specific activity.

Hypochlorite exposure led to a 7-log kill but the organisms regrew. No resistance mutations occurred, implying that hypochlorite resistance is an intrinsic property of S. aureus biofilms. The clinical significance of this warrants further study.

Request PDF | Disinfection performance of chlorine dioxide gas at ultra-low concentrations and the decay rules under different environmental factors | Gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is one of the most promising air disinfectants. In this study, an ultra-low concentration of ClO2 gas (< 1.2... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

This research aimed to develop an electrolysis method to generate high-concentration chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for tilapia fillet disinfection. The designed generator produced up to 3500&#x2009;ppm of ClO2 at up to 99&#x25; purity. Tilapia fillets were soaked in a 400&#x2009;ppm ClO2 solution for 5, 10, and 25&#x2009;min. Results show that total plate counts of tilapia, respectively, decreased by 5.72 to 3.23, 2.10, and 1.09&#x2009;log CFU/g. In addition, a 200&#x2009;ppm ClO2 solution eliminated coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in 5&#x2009;min with shaking treatment. Furthermore, ClO2 and trihalomethanes (THMs) residuals on tilapia fillets were analyzed by GC/MS and were nondetectable (GC-MS detection limit was 0.12&#x2009;ppb). The results conform to Taiwan&#x2019;s environmental protection regulations and act governing food sanitation.

Background: Women employed in domestic cleaning are at increased risk for symptoms of obstructive lung disease, but the agents responsible are unknown. Aims: To investigate common tasks and products in occupational domestic cleaning in relation to respiratory morbidity. Methods: Case-control study in domestic cleaning women nested within a large population based survey of women aged 30–65 years; 160 domestic cleaning women with asthma symptoms, chronic bronchitis symptoms, or both and 386 without a history of respiratory symptoms were identified. Detailed exposures were evaluated for 40 cases who reported still having symptoms at the recruitment interview, and 155 controls who reported not having symptoms. All tasks performed and products used when cleaning houses were determined in a face-to-face interview. Lung function, methacholine challenge, and serum IgE testing were performed. Personal exposure measurements of airborne chlorine and ammonia were performed in a subsample. Associations between asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cleaning exposures were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Airborne chlorine (median level 0–0.4 ppm) and ammonia (0.6–6.4 ppm) were detectable during occupational domestic cleaning activities. Cases used bleach more frequently than controls; adjusted odds ratio (OR) for intermediate exposure was 3.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 11) and for high exposure 4.9 (1.5 to 15). Other independent associations included accidental inhalation of vapours and gases from cleaning agents and washing dishes. These associations were more pronounced for cases with asthma symptoms than for those with symptoms of chronic bronchitis, but were not related to sensitisation to common allergens. Conclusions: Asthma symptoms in domestic cleaning women are associated with exposure to bleach and possibly other irritant agents. The public health impact of the use of irritant cleaning products could be widespread since the use of these products is common both in the workplace and at home.

In Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks, it is widely recommended to wash living things (handwashing) with 0.05% (500 mg/L) chlorine solution and non-living things (surfaces, personal protective equipment, dead bodies) with 0.5% (5,000 mg/L) chlorine solution. Chlorine solutions used in EVD response are primarily made from powdered calcium hypochlorite (HTH), granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), and liquid sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and have a pH range of 5–11. Chlorine solutions degrade following a reaction highly dependent on, and unusually sensitive to, pH, temperature, and concentration. We determined the shelf-life of 0.05% and 0.5% chlorine solutions used in EVD response, including HTH, NaDCC, stabilized NaOCl, generated NaOCl, and neutralized NaOCl solutions. Solutions were stored for 30 days at 25, 30, and 35°C, and tested daily for chlorine concentration and pH. Maximum shelf-life was defined as days until initial concentration fell to 30 days. Models were developed for solutions with maximum shelf-lives between 1–30 days. Extrapolating to 40°C, the maximum predicted shelf-life for 0.05% and 0.5% NaDCC solutions were 0.38 and 0.82 hours, respectively; predicted shelf-life for 0.05% and 0.5% generated NaOCl solutions were >30 and 5.4 days, respectively. Each chlorine solution type offers advantages and disadvantages to responders, as: NaDCC is an easy-to-import high-concentration effervescent powder; HTH is similar, but forms a precipitate that may clog pipes; and, NaOCl solutions can be made locally, but are difficult to transport. We recommend responders chose the most appropriate source chlorine compound for their use, and ensure solutions are stored at appropriate temperatures and used or replaced before expiring.

In 1847, the Austrian physician, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis, demonstrated that puerperal sepsis ("childbed fever") was contagious and that incidents of infection could be dramatically reduced by enforcing appropriate hand hygiene by medical caregivers. In his study, Dr. Semmelweis noticed an alarming difference between the low infection rates in the mothers cared for by midwives in one hospital ward and the higher rates of those attended to by the medical students in another ward.

SUMMARY Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to antibiotics. This review considers what is known about the mode of action and spectrum of activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. The widespread use of these products has prompted some speculation on the development of microbial resistance, in particular whether antibiotic resistance is induced by antiseptics or disinfectants. Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports.

Chemicals commonly used for decontamination and cleaning of surfaces are listed below. These are general guidelines; if you are working with a biological agent, concentrations and/or expiration dates may need to be altered. The Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) will review this information in your IBC application. Remember to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the use …

Kinetics study of oxidation of the lignin model compounds by chlorine dioxide.pdf

{?What is test source for pathogen results? ?Gas or in solution?} Chlorine dioxide systems: 2-chemical: acid chlorite, 3-chemical: acid-chlorite-hypochlorite, gas chlorine-chlorite and electrochemical generators

Chlorine dioxide, bromine chloride and iodine were compared with chlorine as virucidal agents. Under optimal conditions all disinfectants were effective at low concentrations, but each disinfectant responded differently to acidity and alkalinity. Disinfection ...

Determining the detailed photoreactivity of radicals that are of importance in atmospheric processes requires information from both laboratory and field measurements and theoretical calculations. Laboratory experiments and quantum calculations have been used to develop a comprehensive understanding of the photoreactivity of chlorine dioxide (OCIO). The photoreactivity is strongly dependent on the medium (gas phase, liquid solution, or cryogenic matrix). These data reveal details of the complex chemistry of OCIO. The potential role of this radical in stratospheric ozone depletion is discussed in accord with these laboratory measurements.

Now in its thoroughly revised, updated Fifth Edition, this volume is a comprehensive, practical reference on contemporary methods of disinfection, sterilization, and preservation and their medical, surgical, and public health applications. More than a third of this edition's chapters cover subjects never addressed in previous editions. New topics covered include recently identified pathogens, microbial biofilms, use of antibiotics as antiseptics, synergism between chemical microbicides, pulsed-light sterilization of pharmaceuticals, and new methods for medical waste management. Close attent...