Chemical & Biological Dynamics

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(2012)

"Due to its large absorption cross section at near-UV wavelengths, stratospheric OClO photolyzes rapidly during the sunlit portion of the day. However, photodissociation of this molecule is not believed to be important in regard to ozone depletion as it produces chlorine oxide and odd oxygen which may re-form ozone in an overall null cycle.""

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"effects of pH, light, temperature and other co-existing substances were reviewed. It is pointed out that chlorine dioxide cannot be stable in water, and can only slow down the decomposition and disproportionation process by adjusting environmental conditions, and can also use the equilibrium principle to maintain concentration stability. This provides a theoretical basis for the development of high-purity ready-to-use stable chlorine dioxide product"

"The product distribution from the decay of chlorine dioxide in basic solution changes as the ClO2 concentration decreases. While disproportionation reactions that give equal amounts of ClO2- and ClO3- dominate the stoichiometry at millimolar or higher levels of ClO2, the ratio of ClO2- to ClO3- form..."

A systematic experimental study of the photochemical decomposition of 5-80 Torr gaseous OClO at 293 and 303 K has been performed. The photolysis was also investigated in the presence of the added inert gases He, Ar, N-2, O-2, CO2 and SF6 at pressures ranging from 10 to 600 Torr. The final products C

****!!!!****!!!!*** (2011) "degradation rate of chlorine dioxide with the same initial mass concentration decreased gradually under uv, sunlight, 254 nm uv and 400-700 nm fluorescence, respectively, and the degradation rate of chlorine dioxide with the same initial mass concentration increased with the increase of gas mass concentration when the temperature varied from 15 to 25°c. therefore, the wavelength that plays a major role in the photodegradation of chlorine dioxide is ultraviolet light near 365 nm; the temperature has little effect on its degradation rate; under sunlight exposure, the degradation rate of chlorine dioxide is proportional to the first square of mass concentration, which belongs to the primary reaction, and its half-life is not related to the initial mass concentration, only related to the reaction rate constant k, and the half-life is about 63 min."

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"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute an important group of micropollutants, which are known to be mutagenic, carcinogenic and/or co-carcinogenic and relatively persistent in the environment."

"Our experimental results show that the oxidation process is a second order overall and a first order with respect to C1O2 and MC-RR. The activation energy of MC-RR degradation by C1O2 is 53.07 kJ/mol. The rate constant k of the action can be increased by increasing temperature and decreasing pH value and ranged from 6. 11x102 L/(mol.min) to 5.29x 102 L/(mol-min) at pH from 3.44 to 10.41 at 10 ℃. Reaction products were determined to be organic and volatile, because they could be almost removed from aqueous solution by heating for 15 min at 60 ℃. In addition, the main oxidation products have m/z values of 1072 and are identified as dihydroxy isomers of MC-RR."

"four major fungal toxins of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), vomitoxin (DON) and vormatoxin B1 (FB1) were studied, and the degradation effect of ZE in corn flour and its by-products in liquid and gaseous states was evaluated in combination with grain processing technology and cl02 use."

"Aiming at the low efficiency of the single-stage R5 ClO2 generator in China and some urgent problems that need to be solved in the disinfection application process, the optimization and reaction kinetics of the single-stage R5 method ClO2 preparation process, the composition and toxicity of clO2 generator, the influencing factors of ClO2 addition process, the decay law of ClO2 in water, and the characteristics of PAC and AsA removal of ClO2- are studied in this paper, in order to improve the process of single-stage R5 method ClO2 generator. "

The hot acid hydrolysis followed by chlorine dioxide (A/D*) and hot chlorine dioxide (D*) technologies have proven very useful for bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp. Although the characteristics and biodegradability of effluents from conventional chlorine dioxide bleaching are well known, such info …

Aims Oxidizing agents such as chlorine dioxide are widely used microbicides, including for disinfection of medical equipment. We isolated a Bacillus subtilis isolate from a washer-disinfector whose ...

Hydrodynamic flows can exert multiple effects on an exothermal autocatalytic reaction, such as buoyancy and the Marangoni convection, which can change the structure and velocity of chemical waves. ...

(1982) "Chlorine dioxide, however, was hardly affected at all by ammonia"

"HAAs [haloacetic acids] from chlorine dioxide disinfection process are mainly DCAA, CBAA and DBAA" "ClO2 is a strong oxidant rather than chlorinating agent, which means during disinfection, small amounts of THMs are generated compared to chlorine or chloramine disinfection. However, ClO2 disinfection process produces more HAAs (primarily DCAA, CBAA and DBAA). ClO2 inorganic disinfection byproducts ClO-2, ClO-3 and BrO-3 have high potential toxicity at high-dose or high concentrations, wherein ClO-2 can cause hemolytic anemia"

In principle, it should be possible to generate chlorine dioxide by photochemical means. This could provide access to a powerful antiseptic reagent in remote locations using sunlight as the only energy input. Several putative ways to produce chlorine dioxide are considered and an analytical protocol is devised for quantitative determination. It is concluded that a practical set-up could be engineered for the in-situ production of chlorine dioxide in aqueous solution."

****!!!!**** "Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5–1.0 mg/L of ClO2 in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO2 concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg/L of ClO2 can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg/L of ClO2 for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO2 is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices."

****!!!!****!!!!*** Cases, studies and research involving Chlorine Dioxide (CL02).

{Taiko} "solute includes dissolved chlorine dioxide and chlorite; and a solution composition encapsulating body including a glass vessel or enameled vessel and the chlorine dioxide solution composition hermetically sealed therein."

****!!!!****!!!!*** {Cleverin}

****!!!!**** "WHITE PAPERS, AND APPLICATION NOTES"