Apparatus to measure ClO2 transport through gelatine or pig bladder membranes.
The two glass parts of the apparatus are held together by a pair of extension clamps (not shown in the Figure) which are fixed to a support stand by clamp holders. The active cross-section of the membranes is 28 cm2.
Norway's Baerum Water Works experimented with chlorine dioxide as a water disinfectant when it was found that chlorine often caused taste and odor problems.
Problems in Determination of Chlorine Dioxide Residuals
This article begins by reviewing the chemical properties of Cl02, and goes on to discuss a study to determine whether a titration test could be devised with an amperometric endpoint more specific for...
Bello Zon® CDLb H2SO4 especially for applications critical with regard to corrosion for the production of low-chloride chlorine dioxide liquid. With the chlorine dioxide system, ClO2 is produced discontinuously following the acid / chlorite procedure.
Chlorine dioxide reactivity with proteins | Semantic Scholar
****!!!!*** "Studies were conducted to evaluate chlorine dioxide reactivity with proteins and the role of these reactions in the inactivation of the bacterial virus f2" "The loss of protein specific attachment function nearly paralleled intact virus inactivation with 1.2 log units of attachment inhibition occurring within 30 s. The inactivation of virus and the inhibition of specific attachment both increased with increasing pH and increasing disinfectant concentration. Inactivation of f2 was hypothesized to occur as the result of chlorine dioxide reacting with discrete chemical moieties in the viral protein. Cysteine, tyrosine and tryptophan reacted with chlorine dioxide within a time frame that could affect viral inactivation." "Only tyrosine reacted with chlorine dioxide following treatment of the intact virion with disinfectant. Even though the degradation of tyrosine residues occurred at a much slower rate than the rate of virus inactivation, the protein component of f2 virus appeared to be the site of the lethal lesion produced by chlorine dioxide. These tyrosine reactions with chlorine dioxide appeared to alter the virus such that specific attachment was inhibited."
Chlorine dioxide reduction by aqueous iron(II) through outer-sphere and inner-sphere electron-transfer pathways. | Semantic Scholar
"The reduction of ClO(2) to ClO(2)(-) by aqueous iron(II) in 0.5 M HClO(4) proceeds by both outer-sphere (86%) and inner-sphere (14%) electron-transfer pathways."
Reaction of chlorine dioxide with amino acids and peptides: Kinetics and mutagenicity studies
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is currently being considered as an alternate to chlorine as a disinfectant for water treatment. Many organic compounds presen…
A Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Aqueous Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide with Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
"Only a few amino acids reacted with aqueous ClO2. The reaction also followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Reactions of three peptides and two proteins with aqueous chlorine and ClO2 at pH 6.0 were also studied. Except for aspartame, they reacted rapidly with both chlorine compounds."
The photodissociation dynamics of OClO between 306 and 370 nm: Fragment translational energy release and recoil anisotropy
The photodissociation OClO(Ã 2A2)→ClO(X̃ 2Π)+O(3P) was studied at wavelengths between 306 and 370 nm using photofragment translational energy spectroscopy. The flight time distributions and anisotr...
Femtosecond pump-probe photodissociation of OClO: direct observation of the 2A1 state and the role of accidental multiphoton resonance | Semantic Scholar
Abstract Previous pump–probe experiments on the OClO molecule are analyzed and a consistent interpretation of the experimental observations is proposed. We demonstrate that a direct observation of the very weak 2 A 1 state of OClO is possible with a proper femtosecond pulse, and suggest that it is necessary to introduce an accidental resonance of the probe pulse with the highly excited D or E states for understanding the observed distinct photodissociation dynamics of the 2 A 2 state using pump pulses of slightly different wavelengths. A transient abnormal peak, observed in the OClO + ion signal after a stronger excitation, is also convincingly interpreted.
Ultrafast photochemistry in OClO molecules analyzed by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
Applying the coincident detection of photoions and photoelectrons with femtosecond time resolution we have analyzed the energetics and the dynamics of…
Vector correlations in the photodissociation of OClO Ã 2A2(ν1, 0, 0)
Using resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization combined with the time-of-flight method, the photodissociation OClO(Ã 2A2)→ClO(X 2Π)+O(3P) was investig…
Rate of reaction of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide
Because of environmental concerns about molecular chlorine, chlorine dioxide is replacing chlorine in some important industrial applications. This sit…
The risk of ultraviolet radiation exposure from indoor lamps in lupus erythematosus
"The remaining bulbs exhibited a surprising degree of variation in the amount of UV emitted; assuming eight hours of exposure per day, the total UV dose (250–400 nm) ranged from 73 to 634 mJ/cm2, while the UVB-only dose (290–320) ranged from 0.01 to 15 mJ/cm2. Under these conditions, it would take between eight days and six months to receive 1 SED, depending on the particular bulb. These results indicate that even within the same class of bulbs, there are sufficient differences between specific models that patients may benefit from using those that have been shown to emit the lowest levels of UVR"
Environmental Remediation of Chlorine Dioxide Explosion and Root Cause Investigation | Atlanta, GA
"Remtech was retained by a major water treatment authority to cleanup and determine the cause of a chlorine dioxide explosion which occurred at a raw water pumping station. Shock sensitive sodium chlorite burn residues remained in the building. Forty gallons of burn residues were reacted with 200 pounds of soda ash and 100 pounds of sodium metabisulfite. Heat of reaction energy was dissipated by placing 150 pounds of cubed ice in the reactors. Reactions were conducted in closed poly reactors. Off gasses were collected and passed through two gas scrubbers with a soda ash/sodium metabisulfite solution. Off gasses were monitored to ensure that no chlorine or chlorine dioxide was liberated from the reaction. The temperature of the reaction vessels was monitored to keep temperatures below 120o F. Over two (2) tons of residual sodium chlorite were reacted."
Reaction and diffusion of chlorine dioxide gas under dark and light conditions at different temperatures
****!!!!****!!!!*** (2015) ***"A methodology is proposed for quantifying the amount of ClO2 gas needed in a package and/or treatment chamber." "The diffusion coefficient was found to be 0.129, 0.145, 0.173 cm2 s−1 at 5, 23, and 40 °C, respectively. Degradation of ClO2 gas under dark, UV-A and fluorescent lamp exposure was found to follow a first-order reaction. Degradation using a 40 W UV-A lamp was approximately four orders of magnitude larger than with a 34 W fluorescent lamp." "ClO2 gas can also be converted to chlorite and then react with oxygen changing their chemical structure, mobility, and properties" "Normally, the antimicrobial activity of gaseous ClO2 increased with a longer treatment time, especially at a low treatment temperature"
THE FACTS ABOUT CHLORINE DIOXIDE, Food and Beverage - PureLine
"the effect of UV-A and fluorescent lamp on chlorine dioxide gas degradation was observed. The degradation of gas under these conditions followed a first order reaction. In this research, gas degradation using a 40-Watt UV-A lamp was approximately four orders of magnitude larger than with a 34-Watt fluorescent lamp. In dark conditions, less than three percent degradation in gas was observed over a period of six hours.... In the same study, the effect of temperature on the degradation of chlorine dioxide gas was observed at 5° [However, ClO2 is a liquid at 5 degrees??], 23°, and 40°C. In all cases, the effect of temperature was negligible"
