6 Bird Enrichment Tips to Keep Your Feathered Friend Happy
Want to keep your bird happy and engaged? Check out these 6 fun and simple avian enrichment tips to boost your bird’s mental and physical health. Read the full post now!
Does Environmental Enrichment Reduce Stress? An Integrated Measure of Corticosterone from Feathers Provides a Novel Perspective
Enrichment is widely used as tool for managing fearfulness, undesirable behaviors, and stress in captive animals, and for studying exploration and personality. Inconsistencies in previous studies of physiological and behavioral responses to enrichment led us to hypothesize that enrichment and its removal are stressful environmental changes to which the hormone corticosterone and fearfulness, activity, and exploration behaviors ought to be sensitive. We conducted two experiments with a captive population of wild-caught Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) to assess responses to short- (10-d) and long-term (3-mo) enrichment, their removal, and the influence of novelty, within the same animal. Variation in an integrated measure of corticosterone from feathers, combined with video recordings of behaviors, suggests that how individuals perceive enrichment and its removal depends on the duration of exposure. Short- and long-term enrichment elicited different physiological responses, with the former acting as a stressor and birds exhibiting acclimation to the latter. Non-novel enrichment evoked the strongest corticosterone responses of all the treatments, suggesting that the second exposure to the same objects acted as a physiological cue, and that acclimation was overridden by negative past experience. Birds showed weak behavioral responses that were not related to corticosterone. By demonstrating that an integrated measure of glucocorticoid physiology varies significantly with changes to enrichment in the absence of agonistic interactions, our study sheds light on potential mechanisms driving physiological and behavioral responses to environmental change.
Aflatoxicosis in Chickens: Signs, Treatment & Prevention
Aflatoxicosis is a type of poisoning from ingestion of aflatoxins in contaminated foods or poultry feed. They are potent hepatotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, or Penicillium puberulum. The 4 aflatoxins of concern are B1, B2, G1, and G2. However, B1 is the most predominant and toxic.
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Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA) | FDA
AMDUCA permits veterinarians to prescribe extralabel uses of certain approved new animal drugs and approved human drugs for animals under certain conditions.
Used in Broiler chickens and turkyes for treatment of: – Colibacillosis (E. coli). – Fowl Cholera (Pasteurella multocida). – Omphalitis caused by Pseudomonas spp. – Salmonellosis. – Fowl coryza.
[Clinical cases of infectious coryza and the properties of isolated Haemophilus strains] - PubMed
Studied were a total of sixteen cases with the clinical picture of coryza. Leading role in eleven of them had Haemophilus, in one the signs of chronical cholera and pox were seen, and in three there was a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. All cases were serologically positive for CRD. By their needs …
Infectious coryza in birds complicated by other bacterial infections | Request PDF
Request PDF | Infectious coryza in birds complicated by other bacterial infections | Infectious Coryza (IC), caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is an infectious and highly contagious bacterial respiratory disease of poultry.... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
In this feature documentary, follow the half-century story of America's civic unraveling through the journey of legendary social scientist Robert Putnam, whose groundbreaking "Bowling Alone" research into America's decades-long decline in community connections could hold the answers to our democracy's present crisis.
Flanked by influential fans and scholars — from Hillary Clinton, Pete Buttigieg, and Surgeon General Vivek Murthy to Eddie Glaude Jr., Raj Chetty, and Priya Parker — as well as inspiring groups building community in neighborhoods across the country, join Bob as he explores three urgent civic questions: What makes democracy work? Why is American democracy in crisis? And, most importantly… What can we do about it?
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Medical prescriptions are written directions for the preparation and administration of a specific medication or remedy. Prescriptions specify a drug or therapy name, dose, form, delivery route, frequency, timing, purpose, amount to be dispensed, and refill quantity.