Osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma is a rare form of osteosarcoma that shares similar clinical and pathological characteristics with osteoblastoma. We describe a 12-year-old boy with osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma of the cuboid and skull without lung involvement. Despite inadequate primary surgical tr …

Osteoblastoma is an uncommon benign bone-forming neoplasm that accounts for about 1% of all primary bone tumors and 1 to 5 % of all benign bone tumors, and 10% of all osseous spinal neoplasms.[1][2][3] Historically it was referred to as giant osteoid osteoma highlighting its histopathologic similarities to osteoid osteoma.[4] In fact, some authors consider the entities to be variant expressions of the same pathologic process; however, the prevailing opinion is that they are distinct pathologic entities with varying clinical presentations. Osteoblastoma commonly arises in the posterior elements of the spine and the sacrum (approximately 30 to 40%).[5] Other common locations include the mandible (referred to as cementoblastoma) and long tubular bones (lower upper extremities), where it is usually observed in the metadiaphysis.[4] An accurate diagnosis of osteoblastoma is critical in determining the appropriate treatment modality and prognosis.[6]

The Classroom gives an overview of the info you need to raise chickens, manage the coop, keep them healthy and safe, and understand breeding.

Enrichment is widely used as tool for managing fearfulness, undesirable behaviors, and stress in captive animals, and for studying exploration and personality. Inconsistencies in previous studies of physiological and behavioral responses to enrichment led us to hypothesize that enrichment and its removal are stressful environmental changes to which the hormone corticosterone and fearfulness, activity, and exploration behaviors ought to be sensitive. We conducted two experiments with a captive population of wild-caught Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) to assess responses to short- (10-d) and long-term (3-mo) enrichment, their removal, and the influence of novelty, within the same animal. Variation in an integrated measure of corticosterone from feathers, combined with video recordings of behaviors, suggests that how individuals perceive enrichment and its removal depends on the duration of exposure. Short- and long-term enrichment elicited different physiological responses, with the former acting as a stressor and birds exhibiting acclimation to the latter. Non-novel enrichment evoked the strongest corticosterone responses of all the treatments, suggesting that the second exposure to the same objects acted as a physiological cue, and that acclimation was overridden by negative past experience. Birds showed weak behavioral responses that were not related to corticosterone. By demonstrating that an integrated measure of glucocorticoid physiology varies significantly with changes to enrichment in the absence of agonistic interactions, our study sheds light on potential mechanisms driving physiological and behavioral responses to environmental change.

Aflatoxicosis is a type of poisoning from ingestion of aflatoxins in contaminated foods or poultry feed. They are potent hepatotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, or Penicillium puberulum. The 4 aflatoxins of concern are B1, B2, G1, and G2. However, B1 is the most predominant and toxic.

PARASITICIDES (antiparasitics) for veterinary use in LIVESTOCK - cattle, sheep, goats, pig, poultry - HORSES, DOGS and CATS, parasiticidal drugs, antiparasitic drugs, antiparasitics, insecticides, tickicides, louisicides, larvicides, scabicides, acaricides, nematicides, taenicides, flukicides,

November 19 – 20, 2024

Learn about the veterinary topic of Antimicrobial Use in Animals. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.

Cephalosporins - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

Overview of Antibiotics - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

Three weeks after confirming the diagnosis of crusted scabies on an HIV-positive patient, I started to scratch while driving in the parking lot at Cooper University Hospital. I didn’t give it much thought until the next day, when this stinging-itching sensation wouldn’t relent (interestingly the scratching felt soooo gooood). I realized that I probably had acquired scabies.

Basic Facts Riley and Little--large fowl Ameraucana hens. 1 1/2 yrs old. Smallish normally, and EXTREMELY underweight recently. Sunny—Riley and Little’s father. 2 1/2 years. Normal size. Good weight. Sunny and his mate (mother of Riley & Little) are from 1 breeder and are possibly full brother...

My BYC post: Oh the salts- salts aren't used to curb diarrhea - they actually create it. It's used as a flush in **extreme** cases to flush absolutely everything out of the bird's system. (In other animals, and humans, it's an emetic - causes vomiting for the same reason - to expel everything from the...

How To Incise and Drain an Abscess - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the Merck Manuals - Medical Professional Version.

You will learn about bird leg anatomy with a labeled diagram. Get details of bones, muscles, sciatic nerves, and more from the birds legs.

An I&D or Incision and Drainage and performed to drain purulent fluid (aka pus) from a fluid collection called an abscess.

This comprehensive database from Drugs.com contains treatment options for Chickens Ab - AV Index and a variety of animals including pets, livestock and numerous exotic species.

Scaly leg and face mites; Scaley leg mites; and Depluming mites. When the feet are involved, lameness may be seen in advanced cases because of ankylosis of the hock and other joints, necrosis and sloughing of toes, swollen nail beds, and twisted nails Ivermectin may be toxic if given intramuscularly. ivermectin will precipitate if mixed with water. // A water-soluble, 10-mg/ml liquid ivermectin Moxidectin is another option.

Vitamin A is critical for differentiation of epithelial cells into cuboidal, columnar, or mucous-producing cells. Hypovitaminosis A, causes epithelial metaplasia and hyperkeratosi

Mange is commonly seen in animals, but humans can develop this skin condition as well.

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.

The provision of perches in housing systems for laying hens is meant to improve hens’ welfare by allowing a more natural behavior repertoire. However,…

"Perches should be free of sharp edges and of a size that can be readily gripped by the claws but large enough in diameter that the bird’s toenails do not damage its footpad" "gently lifting broiler chicks resulted in a heightened willingness of chicks to ap-proach people and reduced fear responses after stressful events, but stroking chicks did not " "Laying hens prefer to dustbathe in fine-particle, friable substrates, such as sand and peat moss, than in coarse-particle substrates, such as wood shavings or sawdust, or Astroturf" "Once out- breaks of feather pecking and cannibalism start, they are difficult to control because the behaviors are socially transmitted among birds in the flock; therefore, it is best to prevent their occurrence through early intervention." "Providing floor-housed chickens with cover in the form of overhead vertical panels has been shown to improve pen usage, increase resting and preening be- haviors, and decrease the number of times that birds disturb one another " "provision of shelters and canopies on free-range areas has been found to increase range use by chicken" "Other constraints on enrichment are related to facility design, cost, sanitation, ease of man- agement (including the amount of time and effort that caretakers must put into maintaining the enrichment program)"

Learn about the veterinary topic of Nutritional Myopathy in Poultry. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.