Diseases

...vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to atrophic gastritis caused by H. pylori. After successful treatment of H. pylori and initiation of both intramuscular injection and oral administration of vitamin B12, glossitis and anaemia improved within 1 month

Megaloblastic anemia (MA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of macrocytic anemias characterized by the presence of large red blood cell precursors called megaloblasts in the bone marrow.[1] This condition is due to impaired DNA synthesis, which inhibits nuclear division. Cytoplasmic maturation, mainly dependent on RNA and protein synthesis, is less impaired. This leads to an asynchronous maturation between the nucleus and cytoplasm of erythroblasts, explaining the large size of the megaloblasts.[2] The process affects hematopoiesis as well as rapidly renewing tissues such as gastrointestinal cells. Megaloblastic anemia is most often due to hypovitaminosis, specifically vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folate deficiencies, which are necessary for the synthesis of DNA.[3] Copper deficiency and adverse drug reactions (due to drug interference with DNA synthesis) are other well-known causes of megaloblastic anemia. A rare hereditary disorder known as thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA) is also identified as a cause of megaloblastic anemia.[4] The list of drugs associated with the disease is long however, frequently implicated agents include hydroxyurea, chemotherapeutic agents, anticonvulsants, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs.

Broad-specificity enzymes upregulated to reduce oxidative and aldehyde stress could explain increased catabolism of vitamin B-6 during inflammation. The ratio PA:(PL + PLP) may provide novel insights into pathologic processes and potentially predict risk of future disease.

Are abnormally low ALT levels a cause for concern? Find out what can cause your levels to drop too low & what you can do about it.

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Sarcopenia is the gradual loss of muscle mass, strength and function. The condition commonly affects the elderly population and is thought to occur due to aging.

Sarcopenia (ICD-10-CM code M62.84[1]) is a type of muscle loss that occurs with aging and/or immobility. It is characterized by the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength.

Cachexia (/kəˈkɛksiə/ ⓘ[1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition.

Most commonly, a laminectomy is performed to treat spinal stenosis.

Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen that results in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue

Information about the symptoms of bowel cancer, such as blood in your poo, as well as the treatment options available. Find out more today.

An anal fissure is a small tear in your back passage that can cause pain when you poo. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for anal fissure.

Specialist dietician Elizabeth MacCann explains what IBD is, its symptoms and what treatments are available, and how it’s different to conditions such as IBS.

Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by a range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities caused by the accumulation of neurotoxic substances in the bloodstream of patients with liver dysfunction. It is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. The condition differs in patients with chronic liver disease compared to those with acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), with distinctions in pathophysiological, clinical, and radiological features.[1] Symptoms may result from liver insufficiency or the diversion of blood flow away from the liver (portosystemic shunting).

In 1910, two thirteen-year-old boys contracted smallpox simultaneously. One had received the vaccine as a child and experienced only mild symptoms,...

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder. The tissue in your body becomes weakened. Different parts of your body can be affected including your heart.

Marfan syndrome is a genetic condition that makes your connective tissue too loose. Learn how it affects your body.

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Marfan Syndrome - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a broad term used to describe a unique and versatile system that aids the optimization of wound healing through the application of sub-atmospheric pressure to help reduce inflammatory exudate and promote granulation tissue. It can be utilized to manage acute and chronic wounds, ranging from open fasciotomy wounds and diabetic foot ulcers to closed surgical incisions.

What is Parkinson’s disease? Learn about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of this brain disorder.

Mountain Man, You are right when so many of us are confused with symptoms - I am suffering many and still do not have a final finding/diagnosis. I am hoping you stay well for a long time and I...

“When breast cancer is found in the earliest stage, the survival rate is nearly 100%.”

Cardiopulmonary syndromes are conditions of the heart and lung and can occur in some cancers. They include shortness of breath (dyspnea), chronic cough, pleural and pericardial effusion, and superior vena cava syndrome. Learn more about these conditions in this expert-reviewed summary.

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