Mouth & Nasal Uses

A stable mouth wash or dentifrice composition containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates is disclosed for reducing the motility of and killing microbial pathogens. The preferred concentration ranges are between about 0,005%-0.5% chlorine dioxide, and between about 0.02%-3.0% phosphate. The phosphate retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the pH range (6.0 to 7.4) typically found in a mouth.

A stable mouth wash or dentifrice composition containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates is disclosed for reducing the motility of and killing microbial pathogens. The preferred concentration ranges are between about 0.005%-0.5% chlorine dioxide, and between about 0.02%-3.0% phosphate. The phosphate retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the pH range (6.0 to 7.4) typically found in a mouth.

{including chlorine dioxide mouth rinse}

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口腔印模材料 浸泡消毒 抗菌性能 尺寸精度

"The results of this study showed that at room temperature, the 3% NaOCl solution presented maximum tissue dissolution, whereas at 37°C, 13.8% ClO2solution was most effective in dissolving the tissue. However, when the temperature was raised to 45°C, all the three test solutions were equally effective in their tissue-dissolving capacity. Conclusion: The present study showed that heating the solutions enhances their ability to dissolve organic material."

" It has been reported that some oral rinses, including those containing cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorine dioxide, and povidone-iodine, were able to decrease salivary load of the virus for up to six hours following use" " The results demonstrated that chlorine dioxide was more effective than other currently used oral rinses used as disinfectants with regard to aerobic bacteria and Candida yeast. Regarding anaerobes, chlorine dioxide’s efficacy was found to be similar to chlorhexidine. The biofilm-dissolving effect of chlorine dioxide is significantly greater when compared to chlorhexidine and Listerine. It was concluded that chlorine dioxide is a potent disinfectant with high efficacy on oral patho-genic microorganisms and a powerful biofilm-dissolving effect compared to the current antiseptic oral rinses."

{Includes chlorine dioxide mouthwash}

"Chlorine dioxide reduces both plaque and gingival indices and bacterial counts in the oral cavity similar to other routinely used oral rinses, however, the evidence supporting this outcome is very limited. Therefore, further large scale RCTs are needed to decrease the risk of bias."

*****!!!!*** "Cell viability experiments demonstrated that the application of ClO2 does not lead to a significant decrease in viability of PLDSCs in concentrations used to kill microbes." "While the active ingredients of mouthwash (H2O2, CHX) applied in endodontic or periodontitis management have a serious toxic effect on PDLSCs, the novel hyperpure ClO2 is less toxic providing an environment favoring dental structure regenerations during disinfectant interventions. "

{Cemmox chlorine dioxide, Denizli, Turkey} "Mixing of 3.5% ClO2 and 2% CHX does not form bulky precipitates, unlike the mixture NaOCl + CHX. PIPS activation does not cause changes in reactions of oxidizing agents."

As we face the challenge of coping with COVID-19 and the emergence of more transmissible and deadly strains of the

****!!!!**** "We cannot be sure that such a treatment would be enough to prevent the development and spread of the illness, as viruses living in other parts of the body can survive. However, inactivating part of the viruses and reducing their load in the oropharyngeal region using Chlorine dioxide mouthwash would definitely aid the reducing the transmission of the disease through oral droplets along with the social distancing protocol. Chlorine dioxide mouthwash could augment the improvement of symptoms in COVID-19 patients as well." "A sample size of 40 patients was determined for the pilot study. Patients confirmed as positive for COVID-19 antigen by means of Qualitative PCR test with age ranging from 19 to 49 years were included in the study"

****** "This study examines the antibacterial properties of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Listerine®, and high purity chlorine dioxide (Solumium, ClO2) on selected common oral pathogen microorganisms and on dental biofilm in vitro. Antimicrobial activity of oral antiseptics was compared to the gold standard phenol. We investigated Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Veillonella alcalescens, Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans as some important representatives of the oral pathogens. Furthermore, we collected dental plaque from the upper first molars of healthy young students. Massive biofilm was formed in vitro and its reduction was measured after treating it with mouthrinses: CHX, Listerine® or hyper pure ClO2. Their biofilm disrupting effect was measured after dissolving the crystal violet stain from biofilm by photometer. The results have showed that hyper pure ClO2 solution is more effective than other currently used disinfectants in case of aerobic bacteria and Candida yeast. In case of anaerobes its efficiency is similar to CHX solution. The biofilm dissolving effect of hyper pure ClO2 is significantly stronger compared to CHX and Listerine® after 5 min treatment. "

"The 1st study involved 15 healthy subjects who immediately before and at 30, 60, 180, 300 and 420 min after rinsing provided 2 ml saliva samples. The samples were immediately processed for total anaerobic bacterial counts recorded after 96 h incubation. Washout periods were a minimum of 3 days. The second study involved 20 healthy subjects who on day 1 of each study were rendered plaque free, suspended normal oral hygiene methods and commenced rinsing twice daily with the allocated rinse. On day 5, plaque was scored by index and area after disclosing with erythrosin. Washout periods were 2 1/2 days. "

"trial was conducted among 90 subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment." " There was significant reduction in mean plaque and gingival scores in all the 3 groups at follow-up when compared to baseline. A significantly higher reduction (plaque and gingival scores) was found in chlorhexidine when compared with the Aloe vera group. However, no significant difference was seen between chlorhexidine and chlorine dioxide with respect to mean reduction in plaque and gingival scores... Chlorine dioxide can be a suitable and economical alternative for chlorhexidine"

{Solonium chlorine dioxide product}

The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and oral manifestations is still controversial. The aim of this observational study was to determine the oral manifestation of the hospitalized patients for COVID-19. A total of 20 patients met the inclusion criteria and gave their signed informed consent. A questionnaire of 32 questions regarding the oral and systemic health condition was administrated to these patients during the convalescence. A descriptive statistic was performed. Data were analysed through the use of χ2 test, to assess the statistical significance. A statistically significant increase of about 30% of reporting xerostomia during hospitalization was observed (p = 0.02). Meanwhile, a decrease of oral hygiene was observed during the hospitalization, even if a non-statistically significant difference was shown between the two study time points (before and after hospitalization). During the hospitalization period, 25% of patients reported impaired taste, 15% burning sensation, and 20% difficulty in swallowing. An interesting result was that among the systemic conditions, hypertension was observed in 39% of patients and mostly in female patients (62.5%). Further studies are necessary to better understand the symptoms of this new virus in order to faster detect its presence in humans. Probably, a multidisciplinary team following the COVID-19 patients could be of key importance in treating this disease.

"The following agents were studied: alcohol 62-71%, hydrogen peroxide 0.5%, sodium hypochlorite 0.1%, benzalkonium chloride 0.05-0.2%, povidone-iodine 10%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.02%, on metal, aluminum, wood, paper, glass, plastic, PVC, silicone, latex (gloves), disposable gowns, ceramic, and Teflon surfaces. Studies have shown that chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for inactivating some coronavirus subtypes, suggesting that it is also ineffective to the new coronavirus."

Their study titled, “Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections?” was published in the latest issue of the journal British Dental Journal.

Chlorine dioxide (ClO[2] ) has been recently investigated as a possible root canal irrigant due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, tissue dissolution and smear layer removal properties. Literature is scarce on the effect of chlorine dioxide ...