Other Air Treatments

****!!!!****!!!!*** {Air disinfection using Glycol} "Surfactant action is why soap is considered better than hand sanitizer at tearing apart the COVID 19 as it literally does that by attra..."

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has made us all think critically about hospital indoor air quality and the approaches to remove, dilute, and disinfect pathogenic organisms from the hospital environment. While specific aspects of the coronavirus infectivity, spread, and routes of transmission are still under rigorous investigation, it seems that a recollection of knowledge from the literature can provide useful lessons to cope with this new situation. As a result, a systematic literature review was conducted on the safety of air filtration and air recirculation in healthcare premises. This review targeted a wide range of evidence from codes and regulations, to peer-reviewed publications, and best practice standards. The literature search resulted in 394 publications, of which 109 documents were included in the final review. Overall, even though solid evidence to support current practice is very scarce, proper filtration remains one important approach to maintain the cleanliness of indoor air in hospitals. Given the rather large physical footprint of the filtration system, a range of short-term and long-term solutions from the literature are collected. Nonetheless, there is a need for a rigorous and feasible line of research in the area of air filtration and recirculation in healthcare facilities. Such efforts can enhance the performance of healthcare facilities under normal conditions or during a pandemic. Past innovations can be adopted for the new outbreak at low-to-minimal cost.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate spray parameters for several different types of sprayers and foggers. Specifically, we are evaluating six ESS, two foggers, and one hand-pumped garden sprayer

" lured by air purifier companies' claims that experts say mislead or obscure the potential for harm from toxic ozone."

Air-cleaning devices that claim to remove SARS-CoV-2 have hit shelves, backed by varying levels of data

"Such interventions with humidifiers have been realized since the 1960s with promising results (122–127). More recently, a study in Minnesota found that humidifying preschool classrooms during January to March to ∼45% RH results in a significant reduction in the total number of influenza virus and viral genome copies found in the air and on objects compared to control classrooms"

****!!!!**** Dry rooms and air-conditioned indoor spaces hike Covid-viral infection, conclude Indian and German researchers in their meta-study. They're urging optimum humidity standards for building interiors and public transport.

This article provides evidence-based recommendations for the correct use of “respiratory devices” in the COVID-19 emergency to protect healthcare workers from contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection https://bit.ly/2wEcyHW

heightened coronavirus contagion risks in dry, indoor conditions during the winter months.

****!!!!**** {Note: These conclusions were based on theoretical modeling, not experimentation.} "A ventilation rate of 0.5 ACH, the change of RH between 20% and 53% was predicted to have a small effect on the infection risk, while at a ventilation rate of 6 ACH this change had nearly no effect. On the contrary, increasing the ventilation rate from 0.5 ACH to 6 ACH was predicted to decrease the infection risk by half which is remarkably larger effect compared with that predicted for RH. It is thus concluded that increasing the ventilation rate is more beneficial for reducing the airborne levels of SARS-CoV-2 than changing indoor RH."

Mounting evidence from scientific community seems to suggest that COVID-19 virus can potentially spread by airborne transmission. As a result, methods and techniques for preventing environmental contagious, such as ventilation or air filtration have been ...

Medical, etc

"Exposure of mice to low humidity conditions rendered them more susceptible to influenza disease. Mice housed in dry air had impaired mucociliary clearance, innate antiviral defense, and tissue repair function. Moreover, mice exposed to dry air were more susceptible to disease mediated by inflammasome caspases. Our study provides mechanistic insights for the seasonality of the influenza virus epidemics, whereby inhalation of dry air compromises the host’s ability to restrict influenza virus infection."

(2021)

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"you probably don’t remove an equal amount of old air just by adding new air. Thus, you don’t remove as many pollutants as you might think. In his tweets, Poppendieck takes a kind of worst-case scenario, one which you get a lot of mixing and remove less of the old air pollutants. He gave as an example the introduction of new air at the rate of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). The other way to look at air changes is to flip it from air changes per hour to hours per air change. So, 6 air changes per hour means that it takes 1/6 hours per air change. At that rate, he said, instead of changing all the air in the room in 1/6 of an hour (10 minutes), it could take “up to 0.5 hours to remove 95%” of the old air. So, a lot of mixing means that it could take, in this case, about three times longer to change out most of the air. But what if you get little to no mixing? You’d get most of the old air removed in about 10 minutes at an air change rate of 6 ACH. How could that happen? By putting the air in slowly and having the entry and exit points well separated in the room."

Parents are sneaking carbon dioxide monitors into their children’s schools to determine whether the buildings are safe.

The germicidal properties of short wavelength ultraviolet C (UVC) light are well established and used to inactivate many viruses and other microbes. However, much less is known about germicidal effects of terrestrial solar UV light, confined exclusively to wavelengths in the UVA and UVB regions. Here, we have explored the sensitivity of the human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 to solar-simulated full spectrum ultraviolet light (sUV) delivered at environmentally relevant doses. First, HCoV-NL63 coronavirus inactivation by sUV-exposure was confirmed employing ( i ) viral plaque assays, ( ii ) RT-qPCR detection of viral genome replication, and ( iii ) infection-induced stress response gene expression array analysis. Next, a detailed dose-response relationship of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus inactivation by sUV was elucidated, suggesting a half maximal suppression of viral infectivity at low sUV doses. Likewise, extended sUV exposure of SARS-CoV-2 blocked cellular infection as revealed by plaque assay and stress response gene expression array analysis. Moreover, comparative (HCoV-NL63 versus SARS-CoV-2) single gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR confirmed that sUV exposure blocks coronavirus-induced redox, inflammatory, and proteotoxic stress responses. Based on our findings, we estimate that solar ground level full spectrum UV light impairs coronavirus infectivity at environmentally relevant doses. Given the urgency and global scale of the unfolding SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, these prototype data suggest feasibility of solar UV-induced viral inactivation, an observation deserving further molecular exploration in more relevant exposure models. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. * MOI : multiplicity of infection sUV : solar simulated ultraviolet light UV : ultraviolet.

Lenntech odour neutralisation with Ecosorb or biofilter

"The density of negative air ions produced from an ultrasonic mist maker was measured to be 1.5 ×104ions/cm3, which is much higher than the value for ambient air, 1.1 ×103 ions/cm3 and it is the result of the Lenard effect of water shear of spray electrification due to ultrasonic vibration. The negative air ion density was high compared with that of ambient air at a long distance near the ground floor. No ozone or nitrogen oxides were generated as by-products, but the density of charged air ions decreased rapidly with increasing of height from the floor. Within a distance of 10 m, we could produce a high density of negative air ions, which could be absorbed into our body through skin contact and aspiration."

Humidifier with ionization function: why is it needed, features, operating principle, pros and cons. How to make the right choice. Review of the best models of humidifiers with ionization.

"Clearing the Senate office building of the spores with chlorine dioxide gas cost $27 million, according to the Government Accountability Office. Cleaning the Brentwood postal facility outside Washington cost $130 million and took 26 months. "

{Includes useful excerpts from "Industrial Ventilation Design Guidebook, 2001"

"Humidifiers had a modest effect on room humidity, but became contaminated over time despite the use of sterile water. Contamination with potential pathogens spread in vapor may pose a risk to immunosuppressed patients, particularly during the summer. This risk is only partially mitigated by replacing humidifiers after three days. "

FORBES CORONAGUARD powered by SHYCOCAN is a revolutionary virulence prevention and containment device that attenuates 99.9% of coronavirus in the air surfaces, within closed indoor spaces. It provide real time protection against infection from coronavirus and has been notified by US FDA under Enforcement Discretion Policy. It is a plug and play device, that delivers the necessary signals to a photon mediated electrons emitters (PMEE), that produces hypercharge high velocity electrons that interacts with the negative seeking S-protein of the Corona family of viruses, thus reducing infectivity and prevents air and surface borne transmission of corona family of viruses.