{EPA RED docs: inquiry} Chlorine dioxide -- inquiry about acceptability of interchanging Chlorine Dioxide and Sodium Chlorite toxicity data
{EPA RED docs: Memo} Memo re. "The Reaction of Chlorite Ion with Raspberry Extract"
{regarding lab test on interaction with berries, as impacting health concerns}
{EPA RED docs: Central docket} Chlorine Dioxide EPA Registration Review Docket ~EPA, Regulations.gov Beta
*******!!!!***** {Going into effect 2021 or 2022. EPA core review docket for Chlorine Dioxide application guidelines and health safety}
Index of Cleared Science Reviews for Chlorine dioxide (Pc Code 020503) under Freedom of Information Act ~EPA
Toxicological Summary of Chlorine dioxide - Registration Dossier - ECHA
{EPA RED docs: Central docket} Chlorine Dioxide & Sodium Chlorite Registration Review docket ~EPA, Regulations.gov
********2021
{EPA RED docs: Central docket} Docket documents for Chlorine Dioxide Review 2015 ~EPA, Regulations.gov
*********** Going into effect in 2021****
10.0 Chlorine Dioxide - LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual
2003
{EPA RED docs: Notice} Notice sent to registrants ~EPA
Aug 2006. "Readers are referred to USEPA (2000a) for a detailed review of the effects seen at specific concentrations and exposure durations along with the derivation of the RfC."
{ToxProf docs: Core document} Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite ~ATSDR
2004 Sept. ********No reports were located in which gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, dermal, or metabolic effects were associated with inhalation exposure of humans or animals to chlorine dioxide or chlorite. *******Example concentrations: 150 ppm (420 mg/m3), 10 ppm (28 mg/m3), etc. {Contact info for Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) & American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM)}
Technical Report: Sodium Chlorite, for Generation of Chlorine Dioxide Gas--Handling/Processing ~National Organic Program, USDA
****2018 Jan. {Very good technical info. Fumigation leaves no CD or by-product residue. Air treatments are more effective than Liquid. Includes several CD and SC trade names. Denied because of lack of public requests, available alternatives, etc.}
{AEGL texts} Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Chlorine Dioxide in Air, Vol. 5 ~Nat'l Research Council, EPA
2007. Chlorine dioxide final volume 5
Ontario Air Standards For Chlorine Dioxide
{Includes statements about chlorine dioxide's effects on human body.}
WHO~ Chlorite and Chlorate in Drinking Water ~WHO
2005.
WHO~ Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 37: Chlorine Dioxide (Gas) ~WHO
***!!!!**** 2002 " Some studies have been conducted via the oral route using aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide. Several of these studies were conducted using “stabilized aqueous chlorine dioxide,” sometimes by maintaining a constant pH using sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. However, it is recognized that this would effectively lead to the formation of aqueous sodium chlorite (which can subsequently generate chlorine dioxide by acid dis-placement). These studies are felt to be less relevant than those using stabilized aqueous chlorine dioxide and are not summarized in this review. The reasons for this are that chlorine dioxide dissolves discretely in water (i.e., it does not dissociate into ions), forming a solution of around pH 5 or less, whereas an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite has a different, ionized composition and a pH of approximately 8. The explosive nature of this substance has limited the concentration of chlorine dioxide in aqueous solutions to a maximum of about 1% w/v"
{******pg 4 -- ppm conversion info for air concentrations:} "0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3) 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) and 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3) 15-min reference period" "It is predicted thatdermal exposure from contact with the aqueous solution in occupational settings will range from 0.1 to 5 mg/cm2 per day" "There are no quantitative human data, but chlorine dioxide is very toxic by single inhalation exposure in rats. There were no mortalities following exposure to 16 ppm (45 mg/m3) for 4 h, although pulmonary oedema and emphysema were seen in all animals exposed to 16–46 ppm (45–129 mg/m3) chlorine dioxide,the incidence increasing in a dose-related manner. The calculated mean LC50 was 32 ppm (90 mg/m3). In another study, ocular discharge, nosebleeds, pulmonary oedema, and death occurred at 260 ppm (728 mg/m3) for 2 h. Chlorine dioxide is toxic when administered in solution by a single oral dose to rats; at 40 and 80 mg/kg bodyweight, there were signs of corrosive activity in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. The calculated oral LD50 was 94 mg/kg body weight."
{ToxProf docs: Brochure} ToxGuide for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite ~ATSDR
{Safety info for public from ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry) }
Toxicological Profile: Chlorine Dioxide & Chlorite ~ATSDR
Chlorine dioxide CAS#: 10049-04-4
ChemicalBook provide Chemical industry users with Chlorine dioxide Boiling point Melting point,Chlorine dioxide Density MSDS Formula Use,If You also need to Chlorine dioxide Other information,welcome to contact us.
Chlorine Dioxide, HSDB #517 ~PubChem, Hazardous Substances Data Bank
Annotation record.
{EPA RED docs: Core 2006 decision} Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for Chlorine Dioxide and Sodium Chlorite (Case 4023) ~EPA
2006 Aug. "Readers are referred to USEPA (2000a) for a detailed review of the effects seen at specific concentrations and exposure durations along with the derivation of the RfC."
WHO~ Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite and Chlorate in Drinking Water--Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality ~WHO
**** 2017 Jan. "Any chlorine dioxide remaining at the consumer’s tap will be reduced to chlorite and chloride upon ingestion. *** Consequently, a guideline value for chlorine dioxide has not been established."..."For chlorite, JECFA established an ADIof 0–0.03mg/kg bw on the basis of the NOAEL of 3mg/kg bw per day...Using the upper bound of the chlorite ADI of 30 μg/kg bw, a typical human body weight of 60 kg, the assumption that drinking-water contributes80% of the total exposure and a typical consumption of 2 L of water per day, the provisional guideline value is calculated to be 0.7mg/L (rounded figure). This guideline value is designated as provisional because use of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectantmay result in the chlorite guideline value being exceeded, " "JECFA therefore established an ADIof 0–0.01 mg/kg bw for chlorate" "[Page 1] Conversion factor in air: 1 part per million (ppm) = 2.8 mg/m3"
Chlorine dioxide ~CA OEHHA
General CD info from California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment