(2017 Sept.) Situations that resulted in excessive concentrations: "product was added to chiller water used to process poultry carcasses. The application rate was too high given that no carcasses were being processed and the excess chlorine dioxide was released into the workroom air" "steam arose from the surfaces" "Product reacted with biofilm in water system resulting in release of gas." {Also, malfunctions of generation, sensing and/or dosing in systems} " residential RfC of 0.05 ppm" "maximum value of 13 ppm measured at one foot from the source exceeds the NIOSH IDLH of 5 pm and the AEGL-3 value of 3 ppm... risks will be severe or even life threatening if they are within one foot of the source"

Chlorine is a toxic gas with corrosive properties. It is widely used as bleach in the manufacture of paper and cloth and in manufacturing solvents, pesticides, synthetic rubber, and refrigerants.

{Includes industry exposure limits for air}

2000 Sept. {Evaluating RfC, RfD, carcinogenicity. Includes **injection report.} "what exists in water or the stomach is a mixture of these chemical species (i.e., chlorine dioxide, chlorite, chlorate) and possibly their reaction products with the gastrointestinal contents." "[after gavage dosing of rats] it was not clear from these reports whether the parent chlorine dioxide itself or the chlorite, chlorate, or chloride ion degradation products were absorbed"

2004 Sept. ********No reports were located in which gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, dermal, or metabolic effects were associated with inhalation exposure of humans or animals to chlorine dioxide or chlorite. *******Example concentrations: 150 ppm (420 mg/m3), 10 ppm (28 mg/m3), etc. {Contact info for Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) & American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM)}

{Includes statements about chlorine dioxide's effects on human body.}

2007. Chlorine dioxide final volume 5

Aug 2006. "Readers are referred to USEPA (2000a) for a detailed review of the effects seen at specific concentrations and exposure durations along with the derivation of the RfC."