Buy Lifesystems Chlorine Dioxide Drops, a highly effective & safe method of water purification when travelling!

(2021)

"Chlorine dioxide was more effective against Aphanomyces sp. than S. diclina and A. bisexualis. Three days of immersion in chlorine dioxide >100 ppm inhibited hyphal growth of S. diclina and A. bisexualis, and concentrations >50 ppm inhibited growth of Aphanomyces sp. Immersion in 500 μg/ml chlorine dioxide for 1-4 h killed the hyphae and concentrations of 32 to 63μg/ml inhibited germination and killed zoospores of all three strains. The result suggest that treatment of hatchery water with 63μg/ml of chlorine dioxide for 10 min can control the zoospores but does not inhibit the growth of fungal hyphae of these strains. We conclude chlorine dioxide is an effective antifungal agent on both the hyphal and zoospore stages of S. diclina, A. bisexualis and Aphanomyces sp."

****!!!*** {Use by World Water Missions to help in Haiti}

"It's not as easy as we used to think to... substantially reduce water-borne pathogens... It turns out that removing biofilm is the most important factor. Several research results suggest that two thirds or more of the water-borne pathogen threat to your animals is coming from the biofilm in the water systems, even with a clean water source. If you take a purified water system and expose it to a new bacterial growth source, such as contaminated nasal secretions, you will again grow contaminated biofilm." "...chlorine dioxide as the most effective disinfectant..." "A 90% Pinkeye Reduction! .. "Rush Creek began treating their cattle waterers with low concentrations of chlorine dioxide (less than 5 ppm) daily... their incidence of new infections was immediately reduced."

"Good activation of sodium chlorite will result in 60–70% active chlorine dioxide. This will leave 30– 40% of un-activated residual sodium chlorite". {Note: In earlier article on Oxine, BVS indicated that Oxine's sodium chlorite conversion % is a different range than this. http://midwestpoultry.com/wp-content/uploads/Thoreson-Ross-Chlorine-Dioxide-Why-It-Is-Best-for-Water-Sanitation.pdf}

in drinking water treatment "typically 70% of the initial dose of chlorine dioxide is converted to chlorite" "initial dosage of chlorine dioxide should not exceed 1.4 ppm to prevent exceeding DBP formation"{ "Iron Removal -1.2 mg / mg iron -immediate Manganese Removal -2.5 mg / mg manganese -immediate Sulfide Removal -5.8 mg / mg H2S Taste and Odour -1 -2.5 mg/L 10 minutes contact time Bacteria Inactivation -1 to 5 mg/L 5 minutes contact time Giardia -1.5 to 2.0 ppm 60 minutes contact time Cryptosporidium -Approx 8-16 times giardia" "Acid / Chlorite Method. Sodium chlorite can be supplied in two concentrations. 25% and 7.5%, depending on the generation rate required. Acid solution is also supplied at two concentrations, 32% and 9%to correspond to the sodium chlorite solution. No secondary storage is required -thus no intermediate decomposition of chlorine dioxide to chlorite" "DBP Formation Potential -Chlorine Dioxide does not form halogenated byproducts, THM and HAA5 constituents when it interacts with NOM, as long as no excess chlorine is present from generation. Chlorine Dioxide does form Chlorite and Chlorate, both have limits, however chlorate is not as problematic as chlorite." "if initial demand and dosage is kept below 1.4 ppm, then no DBP formation over the set guidelines" "Extended storage of chlorine dioxide solution can contribute to byproduct formation." "

"statistically-based mode1 equations capable of predicting chlorine dioxide consumption, chlorite and chlorate formation when dosing with chlorine dioxide. These equations were developed in temu of pH, temperature, chlorine dioxide concentration, reaction the and water organic content."