{For hydroponics for cannabis. Includes dosing info.} pg 2: "To get a biocidal effect with unactivated OXINE-WT you would have to treat at levels that would be phytotoxic to your plants"

"Chlorine dioxide is destroyed by UV light. Care should be taken to apply it in conditions where it will not be exposed to sunlight. For example, it can be added to an outdoor pool or fountain at dusk and allowed to circulate overnight. Chlorine dioxide is readily stripped from water by contact with air. This can be minimized by adding Solution 3000 to a water system in which the recirculating pumps are running, but fountains, bubblers, waterfalls, etc. are turned off for extended periods (perhaps overnight) after adding Solution 3000."

****!!!*** {Use by World Water Missions to help in Haiti}

"using the homemade compound chlorine dioxide generator to sewage sterilization. Through the detection of total bacterial count and fecal coliform bacteria in sewage sterilization with compound chlorine dioxide, finding out the optimal dosing concentration, contacting time, pH, stirring speed and other significant parameters. The results show that the optimal dosing concentration is 5mg/L, the contacting time is 4min, the stirring speed is 90r/min and the pH value has little effect. Under the condition, the compound chlorine dioxide can reach good disinfection effect, providing the technical basis for the development of disinfection process in the future. "

Regulations for Chlorine Dioxide and other disinfectants used for treating water, under SWDA (Safe Water Drinking Act) and FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act)

"statistically-based mode1 equations capable of predicting chlorine dioxide consumption, chlorite and chlorate formation when dosing with chlorine dioxide. These equations were developed in temu of pH, temperature, chlorine dioxide concentration, reaction the and water organic content."

Example diagram of one city's water treatment system process

All dental units should use systems that treat water to meet drinking water standards (i.e., ≤ 500 CFU/mL of heterotrophic water bacteria). Independent reservoirs—or water-bottle systems—alone are not sufficient.

The use of chlorine dioxide to disinfect drinking water and ameliorate toxic components of wastewater has significant advantages in terms of providing safe water. Nonetheless, significant drawbacks ... include the fact that toxic byproducts of the disinfection agents are often formed, and the complete removal of such agents can be challenging. Reported herein is one approach to solving this problem: the ****use of α-cyclodextrin to affect the product distribution in chlorine dioxide-mediated decomposition of organic pollutants.**** The presence of α-cyclodextrin leads to markedly more oxidation and less aromatic chlorination*****, in a manner that is highly dependent on analyte structure and other reaction conditions. Mechanistic hypotheses are advanced to explain the cyclodextrin effect, and the potential for use of α-cyclodextrin for practical wastewater treatment is also discussed.

The goal of disinfection of public water supplies is the elimination of the pathogens that are responsible for waterborne diseases. The transmission of diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, cholera, salmonellosis, and shigellosis can be controlled with treatments that substantially reduce the total number of viable microorganisms in the water.

{Combined with Citric Acid to reduce hard water mineral scaling} "concentration of 1500 mg/l chlorine dioxide. On wells that demonstrated significant hard water scaling, acetic or citric acid was applied with the chlorine dioxide to help dissolve inorganic carbonate scale deposits." "A single chlorine dioxide treatment achieved a 100 percent success rate for the sustained elimination of microbial contamination in the wells" "chlorine dioxide is a true gas that is a relatively stable oxidant, reacting only with reduced compounds such as sulfides, phenols, and biomass. This allows it to penetrate into the formation, kill bacteria, destroy biomass, and oxidize contaminants without forming undesirable by-products. Because chlorine dioxide does not become less soluble in the presence of acids, it can be safely used in conjunction with them to achieve treatment of multi-component matrix damage. As it is a well-established EPA-registered biocide for use in drinking water and food, regulatory considerations are limited to local permitting requirements."

{*Includes CD data tables for pathogens, etc. Also comparisons of disinfectants.}

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products

Specific data on cost of Bleach water treatment in developing areas

Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water quality concern throughout the world. Increasing interest in controlling water-borne pathogens in water resources evidenced by a large number of recent publications ...