Radiology

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) encompasses a range of diseases characterized by proliferation of aberrant fibroinflammatory tissue, which usually surrounds the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, and iliac vessels. This process may extend to neighboring structures, frequently entrapping and obstructing the ureters and eventually leading to renal failure. The idiopathic form of RPF accounts for more than two-thirds of cases; the rest are secondary to factors such as drug use, malignancies, or infections. If promptly diagnosed and treated, idiopathic and most other benign forms of RPF have a good prognosis. In contrast, malignant RPF, which accounts for up to 10% of cases, has a poor prognosis. Therefore, the most important diagnostic challenge is differentiation of benign from malignant RPF. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosis of RPF. Cross-sectional imaging studies, particularly multidetector computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, are considered the imaging modalities of choice. Imaging features may help distinguish between benign and malignant RPF, but in some cases histopathologic examination of the retroperitoneal tissue is needed for definitive diagnosis. CT and MR imaging, along with positron emission tomography with fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose, also play an important role in management and follow-up of idiopathic RPF. © RSNA, 2013

An educational platform providing access to Breast Radiology specific cases, resources, articles, and lectures.

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Appendicitis, intussusception, and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) are three of the most common reasons for emergent abdominal imaging in pediatric patients. Although the use of computed tomography has risen dramatically over the past 2 decades, children are particularly at risk for the adverse effects of ionizing radiation, and even low-dose radiation is associated with a small but significant increase in lifetime risk of fatal cancer. In most emergency departments, the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a primary modality for the evaluation of a child with abdominal pain remains impractical due to its high cost, its limited availability, and the frequent need for sedation. Ultrasonography (US) does not involve ionizing radiation and, unlike MR imaging, is relatively inexpensive, is widely available, and does not require sedation. Another major advantage of US in abdominal imaging is that it allows dynamic assessment of bowel peristalsis and compressibility. Delayed diagnosis of any of the aforementioned disease processes can lead to serious morbidity and, in some cases, death. The ability to diagnose or exclude disease with US should be part of a core radiology skill set for any practice that includes a pediatric population. © RSNA, 2012

Interactive quiz-type breast imaging teaching cases for radiology residents and fellows. Learn common mammography & breast ultrasound findings through multiple choice question Q&A!

Differentiation of direct inguinal hernias, indirect inguinal hernias, and femoral hernias is often difficult at clinical examination and pre-sents challenges even at diagnostic imaging. With the advent of higher-resolution multidetector computed tomography (CT), the minute anatomic detail of the inguinal region can be better delineated. The authors examine the appearance of these hernias at axial CT, as the axial plane remains the diagnostic mainstay of evaluation of acute abdomen. They review and label key anatomic structures, present cases of direct and indirect inguinal hernias and femoral hernias, and demonstrate their anatomic differences on axial images. Direct inguinal hernias protrude anteromedial and inferior to the course of the inferior epigastric vessels, whereas indirect inguinal hernias protrude posterolateral and superior to the course of those vessels. The proposed lateral crescent sign may be useful in diagnosis of early direct inguinal hernias, as it represents lateral compression and stretching of the inguinal canal fat and contents by the hernia sac. Femoral hernias protrude inferior to the course of the inferior epigastric vessels and medial to the common femoral vein, often have a narrow funnel-shaped neck, and may compress the femoral vein, causing engorgement of distal collateral veins. Familiarity with these anatomic differences at axial CT, along with the lateral crescent sign of direct inguinal hernias, may help the radiologist better assist the clinician in accurate diagnosis of the major types of hernias of the inguinal region. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.312105129/-/DC1. © RSNA, 2011

The altas of human cardiac anatomy has live videos and still images of reanimated human hearts in a variety of views.

Atlas of Medical Devices on Chest Radiography – one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of medical devices on chest radiography in existence. This app is an outstanding resource for physicians, physicians-in-training…

‎Learn radiology anatomy & clinical reasoning using x-ray, CT, MRI and ultrasound. This app is designed for medical trainees and medical professionals to increase their confidence in identifying normal anatomic structures, ordering the most appropriate imaging test and identifying common pathology.…

Radiology PowerPoint Tip • Xray of the Week • Week #49 Have you ever wondered how to get a scrollable image stack of CT or MR images on a single PowerPoint slide. There is a way to do it! Australian Emergency Medicine Specialist Dr. Andy Buck shares how to get a scrollable image stack on a single PowerPoint slide on a Mac. The basic steps on Mac: 1. Export the image stack from PACS as JPEG images. If your PACS can not export as JPEG, use Osirix to convert from DICOM to JPEG. Make sure the images

HEAD: CT axial, MRI axial, MRI axial alternative, MRI coronal, MRI sagittal, MRI atlas normal mielination SKULL BASE: CT bone axial PARANASAL SINUSES: CT bone axial TEMPORAL BONE: CT bone axial, CT bone axial alternative TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT: MRI NECK: CT axial (larynx and hypopharynx) , MRI

A simple tutorial on how to access radiological anatomy modules from HeadNeckBrainSine.com

medulloblastoma morphology with their molecular subtype

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review imaging of the rotator interval, an anatomically complex region in the shoulder that plays an important role in the normal function of the should...