Linux distro: Linux kernel

• DE. Arch, Debian/Ubuntu, Fedora, Gentoo, NixOS, OpenSUSE, Void

Desktop Environment (DE). unified graphical interface for an OS, including window management, file handling, system utilities and more. Examples: KDE, GNOME, Budgie, Deepin, LXDE, LXQt, Xfce.

Window management: controlling GUI elements like windows and dialogs, handled by a window manager (WM). Display servers like X11 or Wayland manage graphical output and input events for rendering on the screen

• Wayland WM + compositor: Hyprland (with wlroots), Sway (with wlroots), kwin (KDE), Mutter (GNOME)
• X11 WM + compositor: Kwin (KDE), Mutter (GNOME), Openbox (LXDE), xfwm4 (XFCE)
• X11 standalone WM: Awesome, Bspwm, Qtile
• X11 standalone compositor: compton, picom, xcompmgr