British civilian conscientious objector served with Friends' Ambulance Unit and Hadfield-Spears Unit in GB, Scandinavia, Middle East, North Africa and North West Europe, 1939-1946.
British civilian conscientious objector served with Friends Ambulance Unit in GB, Finland and Norway, 1939-1941; served with Friends Ambulance Unit and 13th Medical Coy, 2nd Armoured Div, Free French Army in North Africa, 1941-1944
British civilian conscientious objector with Friends Ambulance Unit in GB, Finland, Norway and China, 1939-1944; Director of the International Relief Committee and British Aid for China in China, 1944-1949