02: Revolutionary America

02: Revolutionary America

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Boston 1775: Fears in Framingham and Elsewhere
Boston 1775: Fears in Framingham and Elsewhere
The fear of colonists that the American Revolution would spark a slave rebellion can't be found in the narrative canon, but it is found in the discipline and the primary source documents. Fear of a slave rebellion can be found in just one quicks little story right at the start. Women and children hiding in a house along the road from Lexington to Concord, some holding axes in fear of the British and slaves taking advantage of the fighting to kill them
·boston1775.blogspot.com·
Boston 1775: Fears in Framingham and Elsewhere
George Washington Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 1776
George Washington Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 1776
Washington describes the condition of the army he's been leading for six months
The bearer presents an oppertunity to me, of acknowledging the receipt of your favour of the 30th Ulto (which never came to my hands till last Night) and, if I have not done it before, of your other of the 23d preceeding.
Notice how letters of this period always update the recipient of what previous messages have been sent and received
Few People know the Predicament we are In, on a thousand Accts—fewer still will beleive, if any disaster happens to these Lines, from what causes it flows—I have often thought, how much happier I should have been, if, instead of accepting of a command under such Circumstances I had taken my Musket upon my Shoulder & enterd the Ranks, or, if I could have justified the Measure to Posterity, & my own Conscience, had retir’d to the back Country, & livd in a Wig-wam—If I shall be able to rise superior to these, and many other difficulties, which might be innumerated, I shall most religiously believe that the finger of Providence is in it, to blind the Eyes of our Enemys; for surely if we get well throw this Month, it must be for want of their knowing the disadvantages we labour under.
·founders.archives.gov·
George Washington Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 1776
Was Dr. Benjamin Church a Traitor? - Commonplace - The Journal of early American Life
Was Dr. Benjamin Church a Traitor? - Commonplace - The Journal of early American Life
A deep drive article for teachers to see an historian at work. The value of this essay is the manner in which the author takes the reader along with her on her research journey, suggesting, changing, discarding and creating new conclusions on the way. Teachers should be doing the same with students - on a journey of discovery, not conclusion
·commonplace.online·
Was Dr. Benjamin Church a Traitor? - Commonplace - The Journal of early American Life
The 25 Deadliest Battles of the Revolutionary War - Journal of the American Revolution
The 25 Deadliest Battles of the Revolutionary War - Journal of the American Revolution
Teachers routinely share casualty numbers assuming the numbers they have are accurate and teach students in the process that the numbers are accurate - when in fact, they are not. This is a violation of the "Do No Harm" rule, if you are teaching that these numbers are reliable, stop. This essay provides just some of the reasons why.
ame calling, fearing mongering and demonizing the enemy were all on the propaganda menu during the American Revolution. Once hostilities commenced, another game played a significant role in the war for mind control. A game of numbers.
As demonstrated in the introduction, war casualty figures during the Revolutionary War were often used as propaganda. Casualty data continues to be disputed and debated today.
·allthingsliberty.com·
The 25 Deadliest Battles of the Revolutionary War - Journal of the American Revolution
Starving Memory: Joseph Plumb Martin Un-tells the Story of the American Revolution - Commonplace - The Journal of early American Life
Starving Memory: Joseph Plumb Martin Un-tells the Story of the American Revolution - Commonplace - The Journal of early American Life
Now that access to primary source evidence of the Revolution is widespread, teachers must face an increasingly hard decision - what to include and what to leave out. Martin's memoir was helpful for the "How I escaped the Revolution" book and a Scholastic essay as well. Yet, he also wrote about how he returned enslaved people to their owners after Yorktown and got drunk on the money he was paid.
As devoted to such patterns as we are—they allow us to make sense of the past, to forge <i>history&nbsp;</i>from the unfathomable welter of time gone by—we must also recognize their essential artificiality; they are products of historiography, not intrinsic features of the events themselves.
Joseph Plumb Martin’s <i>Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers, and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier</i>, first published in Hallowell, Maine, in 1830, offers both a counter-record of the facts of the War and a counter-method for relating them.
Martin’s <i>Narrative&nbsp;</i>recalls the real-life drudgery of an enlisted man. He finds heroism in the endurance of poverty, cold, hunger, boredom, confusion, and mismanagement; he shifts the terms and the burdens of American virtue from the gentry to the common folk.
As Martin’s anecdote rambles on, the significance of this crowd action becomes clear: the War is, quite literally, out of control—its chaos cannot be managed in or through the settled rules and narratives of the marketplace or the military hierarchy.
heroism may be as simple as getting drunk without getting in trouble; military leadership may consist in threatening the rogues under one’s command. Martin’s reaction to his general officer’s diatribe mixes awe, contempt, and a strong sense of the inconsequentiality of it all
·commonplace.online·
Starving Memory: Joseph Plumb Martin Un-tells the Story of the American Revolution - Commonplace - The Journal of early American Life
Harry Washington Discovery Cart - Museum of the American Revolution
Harry Washington Discovery Cart - Museum of the American Revolution
Harry Washington (or the man given that name by his captors) was kidnapped in Africa in 1763, taken to North America, purchased as an enslaved person by George Washington. He escaped under Dunmore's Proclamation, served in the Ethiopian Regiment, went to Nova Scotia after the war and made his way back to Africa
·amrevmuseum.org·
Harry Washington Discovery Cart - Museum of the American Revolution
1780s: Notes on the State of Virginia, Query XVIII: Manners - Teaching American History
1780s: Notes on the State of Virginia, Query XVIII: Manners - Teaching American History
Jefferson explains how slavery is a bane on both the slave and the master - then he expresses his fear of what slavery will do to the young country. This is Query 13, where Jefferson shared his fears of slavery, Query 14 is where he explains his justifications for slavery.
Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep for ever:
The spirit of the master is abating, that of the slave rising from the dust, his condition mollifying, the way I hope preparing, under the auspices of heaven, for a total emancipation, and that this is disposed, in the order of events, to be with the consent of the masters, rather than by their extirpation.
·teachingamericanhistory.org·
1780s: Notes on the State of Virginia, Query XVIII: Manners - Teaching American History
1780s: Notes on the State of Virginia | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
1780s: Notes on the State of Virginia | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
This is a description of the "Notes on the State of Virginia" that are commonly used for research, essays and lessons regard Jefferson's views of slavery. This is not the source itself, but Monticello's description of the source, when (1780s) and why he wrote it and how we have copies of it.
·monticello.org·
1780s: Notes on the State of Virginia | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
Season of Independence - Museum of the American Revolution
Season of Independence - Museum of the American Revolution
An excellent interactive teacher that allows users to survey public opinion across time and region in the form of individual quotes and comments from individuals as well as town, county, and state actions and resolutions. Perfectly accessible to students as part of a lesson that has them doing history, using this evidence as a way to make understandings of the past
·amrevmuseum.org·
Season of Independence - Museum of the American Revolution
Extract from Thomas Jefferson’s Argument in the Case of Howell vs. Netherland, [ca. April 1770] [Quote] | Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters
Extract from Thomas Jefferson’s Argument in the Case of Howell vs. Netherland, [ca. April 1770] [Quote] | Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters
As a young lawyer, Thomas Jefferson in 1770 makes an argument that "all men are born free" . He makes the argument in favor of an indentured servant suing for his freedom - he he kept as a slave because his grandmother is black. Jefferson loses, but his use of the language of the Declaration of Independence was used in a legal argument against slavery
·tjrs.monticello.org·
Extract from Thomas Jefferson’s Argument in the Case of Howell vs. Netherland, [ca. April 1770] [Quote] | Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters
From Benjamin Franklin to Josiah Quincy, Sr., 15 April 1776 - Franklin explains why some are reluctant to declare independence
From Benjamin Franklin to Josiah Quincy, Sr., 15 April 1776 - Franklin explains why some are reluctant to declare independence
The Novelty of the Thing deters some, the Doubt of Success others, the vain Hope of Reconciliation many. But our Enemies take continually every proper Measure to remove these Obstacles, and their Endeavours are attended with Success, since every Day furnishes us with new Causes of increasing Enmity, and new Reasons for wishing an eternal Separation; so that there is a rapid Increase of the formerly small Party who were for an independent Government.
·founders.archives.gov·
From Benjamin Franklin to Josiah Quincy, Sr., 15 April 1776 - Franklin explains why some are reluctant to declare independence
From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 27 November 1775
From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 27 November 1775
George Washington calls Lore Dunmore a "monster" who should be shot. This is the Lord Dunmore who offered slaves freedom for fighting with the British at the start of the American Revolution.
Nothing of Importance hath happened since my last—I am glad to find that our Noble Govr has, at length, met with a Check<a class="ptr" id="GEWN-03-02-02-0399-fn-0004-ptr" href="#GEWN-03-02-02-0399-fn-0004" title="jump to note 4">4</a>—was one of our Bullets A[i]md for him the World would be happily rid of a Monster without any person sustaining a loss. this is my opinion at least.
·founders.archives.gov·
From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 27 November 1775
1783-12: From Thomas Jefferson to Martha Jefferson, 22 December 1783
1783-12: From Thomas Jefferson to Martha Jefferson, 22 December 1783
Thomas Jefferson explains the importance of appearance to his daughter
Some ladies think they may under the privileges of the dishabille be loose and negligent of their dress in the morning. But be you from the moment you rise till you go to bed as cleanly and properly dressed as at the hours of dinner or tea. A lady who has been seen as a sloven or slut in the morning, will never efface the impression she then made with all the dress and pageantry she can afterwards involve herself in. Nothing is so disgusting to our sex as a want of cleanliness and delicacy in yours. I hope therefore the moment you rise from bed, your first work will be to dress yourself in such a stile as that you may be seen by any gentleman without his being able to discover a pin amiss, or any other circumstance of neatness wanting.
·founders.archives.gov·
1783-12: From Thomas Jefferson to Martha Jefferson, 22 December 1783
From George Washington to James Warren, 31 March 1779
From George Washington to James Warren, 31 March 1779
George Washington despairs for the patriot cause and questions whether the greed of the colonists themselves is a bigger threat to victory in the War for Independence that the British
I beseech you not to ascribe my delay in answering your obliging favour of the 16th of Decr to disrespect, or want of inclination to continue a corrispondance in which I have always taken pleasure, &amp; thought myself honored
Wondering how to start a reply email to someone you should have responded to a while ago? Listen to how George Washington does it
They do not scruple to declare this themselves—and add that, we shall be our own conquerors. Cannot our common Country (America) possess virtue enough to disappoint them? Is the consideration<a class="ptr" id="GEWN-03-19-02-0651-fn-0005-ptr" href="#GEWN-03-19-02-0651-fn-0005" title="jump to note 5">5</a> of a little dirty pelf, to individuals, to be placed in competition with the essential rights &amp; liberties of the present generation, &amp; of millions yet unborn? shall a few designing men for their own aggrandizement, and to gratify their own avarice, overset the goodly fabric we have been rearing at the expence of so much time, blood, &amp; treasure? and shall we at last become the victems of our own abominable lust of gain?
Our cause is noble. It is the cause of Mankind! and the danger to it springs
To promote public &amp; private Œconomy—encourage Manufactures &amp;ca—Measures of this sort gone heartily into by the several states will strike at once at the root of all our misfortunes,<a class="ptr" id="GEWN-03-19-02-0651-fn-0008-ptr" href="#GEWN-03-19-02-0651-fn-0008" title="jump to note 8">8</a> &amp; give the coup-de-grace to British hope of subjugating this great<a class="ptr" id="GEWN-03-19-02-0651-fn-0009-ptr" href="#GEWN-03-19-02-0651-fn-0009" title="jump to note 9">9</a> Continent,
George Washington supports taxes to support private and public manufactures - does this mean he would support the New Deal?
·founders.archives.gov·
From George Washington to James Warren, 31 March 1779
1777: Lucy to Henry Knox Letter
1777: Lucy to Henry Knox Letter
This letter from a wife to a husband in the midst of the Revolutionary War says much about what life was like at the time. Lucy's references to her lost family illustrate the difficulties of families split by the Revolution. Her family was loyalist but she fell in love and married a Patriot
I am now to answer your three last letters in one of which you ask for a history of my life. it is my love so barren of adventures and so replete with repetition that I fear it will afford you little amusement - however such as it is I give it you -
I love you with a love as true and sacred as ever entered the human heart - but from a diffidence of my own merit I sometimes fear you will Love me less - after being so long from me - if you should may my life end before I know it - that I may die thinking you wholly mine -<br> Adieu my love
·gilderlehrman.org·
1777: Lucy to Henry Knox Letter
From James Madison to William Bradford, 19 June 1775
From James Madison to William Bradford, 19 June 1775
James Madison writes to his friend about Dunmore's Proclamation, explaining how slavery is the Achilles heel of the patriot cause.
Our friend Mr Wallace I hear is well &amp; has entered into the Connubial state with one Miss McDowell, daughter of one of the representatives of Bottatourt County.<a class="ptr" id="JSMN-01-01-02-0047-fn-0006-ptr" href="#JSMN-01-01-02-0047-fn-0006" title="jump to note 6">6</a>
It is imagined our Governor has been tampering with the Slaves &amp; that he has it in contemplation to make great Use of them in case of a civil war in this province. To say the truth, that is the only part in which this Colony is vulnerable; &amp; if we should be subdued, we shall fall like Achilles by the hand of one that knows that secret.<a class="ptr" id="JSMN-01-01-02-0047-fn-0009-ptr" href="#JSMN-01-01-02-0047-fn-0009" title="jump to note 9">9</a>
It is imagined our Governor has been tampering with the Slaves &amp; that he has it in contemplation to make great Use of them in case of a civil war in this province. To say the truth, that is the only part in which this Colony is vulnerable; &amp; if we should be subdued, we shall fall like Achilles by the hand of one that knows that secret.
·founders.archives.gov·
From James Madison to William Bradford, 19 June 1775
From George Washington to Lund Washington, 20 August 1775
From George Washington to Lund Washington, 20 August 1775
George Washington did not have a high opinion of people from New England
The People of this Government have obtained a Character which they by no means deserved—their Officers generally speaking are the most indifferent kind of People I ever saw.
I daresay the Men would fight very well <a id="GEWN-03-01-02-pb-0336"></a> (if properly Officered) although they are an exceeding dirty &amp; nasty people.
·founders.archives.gov·
From George Washington to Lund Washington, 20 August 1775
From John Adams to Benjamin Rush, 11 November 1807
From John Adams to Benjamin Rush, 11 November 1807
Adams said that Washington had "the gift of silence" - but look at the first several sentences of this letter
Several other favourable Stories proceeded his appearance in Congress and in the Army. 8 He possessed the Gift of Silence. This I esteem as one of the most prescious Talents. 9. He had great Self Command. It cost him a great Exertion sometimes, and a constant Constraint, but to preserve so much Equanimity as he did, required a great Capacity
·founders.archives.gov·
From John Adams to Benjamin Rush, 11 November 1807