The typical patient is already a mother; is poor; is unmarried and in her late 20s; and has some college education.

The long read: Medical research and practice have long assumed a narrow definition of the ‘default’ human, badly compromising the care of anyone outside that category. How can this be fixed?

Labels like "nonessential" are getting in the way of urgent treatments and surgeries. There’s a better way.

In Tennessee, where the governor allows families to ignore school mask mandates, some parents are making excruciating calculations each morning about whether to send their children to school.

Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to conducting economic research and to disseminating research findings among academics, public policy makers, and business professionals.

A Yale study finds older people living in less advantaged neighborhoods become disabled roughly two years earlier than their more affluent counterparts.

Background: Population age structure may confound the comparison of age at cancer diagnosis across racial/ethnic groups. We compared age at cancer diagnosis for U.S. Hispanics, a population that is younger on average, and non-Hispanic whites (NHW), before and after adjustment for the age structure of the source population. Methods: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 18 U.S. regions in 2015 for 34 cancer sites to calculate crude and adjusted (using age- and sex-specific weights) mean ages at diagnosis. Differences in age at diagnosis comparing Hispanics to NHWs ( δ ) were assessed using independent sample t tests. Results: Crude mean ages at diagnosis were lower among Hispanic males and females for all sites combined and for most cancer sites. After age-adjustment, Hispanic (vs. NHW) males remained younger on average at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia [ δ = −6.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), −8.1 to −4.1 years], testicular cancer ( δ =−4.7; 95% CI, −5.4 to −4.0), Kaposi sarcoma ( δ =−3.6; 95% CI,−6.3 to −0.8), mesothelioma ( δ =−3.0; 95% CI,−4.3 to −1.7), and anal cancer ( δ =−2.4; 95% CI, −3.9 to −0.8), and older at diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (δ = +3.8; 95% CI, 1.8 to 5.7) and Hodgkin's lymphoma ( δ = +7.5; 95% CI, 5.7 to 9.4), and Hispanic (vs. NHW) females remained younger at diagnosis of mesothelioma ( δ = −3.7; 95% CI, −6.7 to −0.7) and gallbladder cancer ( δ = −3.0; 95% CI, −4.3 to −1.7) and older at diagnosis of skin cancer ( δ = +3.8; 95% CI, 3.1 to 4.5), cervical cancer ( δ = +4.1; 95% CI, 3.3 to 4.8), and Hodgkin's lymphoma ( δ = +7.0; 95% CI, 5.0 to 9.1). Conclusions: On average, Hispanics are diagnosed with cancer at younger ages than NHWs; however, for many cancers these differences reflect the younger age structure in Hispanics. Impact: Population age structure should be considered when comparing age at cancer diagnosis across racial/ethnic groups.

Some clues on why health care fails Black Americans can be found in the Flexner Report.

A new Yale study shows that limited upward mobility has serious consequences on the life expectancy of young adults, particularly among Black males.

On this episode, we dive into the changing conversation about race and ethnicity in medicine. We hear stories about why it’s harder for Black Americans to get kidney transplants, why “Asian” is too broad of a category when it comes to public health, and how we could collect better, more meaningful data.

Objective To estimate changes in life expectancy in 2010-18 and during the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 across population groups in the United States and to compare outcomes with peer nations. Design Simulations of provisional mortality data. Setting US and 16 other high income countries in 2010-18 and 2020, by sex, including an analysis of US outcomes by race and ethnicity. Population Data for the US and for 16 other high income countries from the National Center for Health Statistics and the Human Mortality Database, respectively. Main outcome measures Life expectancy at birth, and at ages 25 and 65, by sex, and, in the US only, by race and ethnicity. Analysis excluded 2019 because life table data were not available for many peer countries. Life expectancy in 2020 was estimated by simulating life tables from estimated age specific mortality rates in 2020 and allowing for 10% random error. Estimates for 2020 are reported as medians with fifth and 95th centiles. Results Between 2010 and 2018, the gap in life expectancy between the US and the peer country average increased from 1.88 years (78.66 v 80.54 years, respectively) to 3.05 years (78.74 v 81.78 years). Between 2018 and 2020, life expectancy in the US decreased by 1.87 years (to 76.87 years), 8.5 times the average decrease in peer countries (0.22 years), widening the gap to 4.69 years. Life expectancy in the US decreased disproportionately among racial and ethnic minority groups between 2018 and 2020, declining by 3.88, 3.25, and 1.36 years in Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White populations, respectively. In Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black populations, reductions in life expectancy were 18 and 15 times the average in peer countries, respectively. Progress since 2010 in reducing the gap in life expectancy in the US between Black and White people was erased in 2018-20; life expectancy in Black men reached its lowest level since 1998 (67.73 years), and the longstanding Hispanic life expectancy advantage almost disappeared. Conclusions The US had a much larger decrease in life expectancy between 2018 and 2020 than other high income nations, with pronounced losses among the Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black populations. A longstanding and widening US health disadvantage, high death rates in 2020, and continued inequitable effects on racial and ethnic minority groups are likely the products of longstanding policy choices and systemic racism. Data sharing: Requests for additional data and analytic scripts used in this study should be emailed to RKM (Ryan.Masters@colorado.edu).

The decline, which is the largest seen in a single year since World War II, reflects the pandemic’s sustained toll on Americans, particularly the disproportionate impact of covid-19 on communities of color.

With the adjustment for vaccination, the national death rate is roughly the same as it was two months ago, while the adjusted rates in several states show the pandemic is spreading as fast among the unvaccinated as it did during the winter surge.

The study shows that people with lower income and education have worse lung health, even though air quality has improved in recent decades.

Listen to this episode from WSJ’s The Future of Everything on Spotify. The battle against noise has been waged, rather quietly, for decades. And yet, urban noise pollution is getting worse. A growing body of evidence indicates that it is more than a nuisance- persistent exposure to noise can cause chronic health issues. Anyone can be impacted, but marginalized communities most often live closer to sources of unwanted noise. In this episode, we look at the impacts of urban noise, new efforts to understand and track it and consider design solutions that can help mitigate unwanted sound.

Using 1992–2014 data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), the present study examines the nature and characteristics of hate crimes against Asian Americans by comparing them with those of hate crimes against African Americans ...

Many Asian Americans live daily with the corrosive effects of racism and racialized violence, yet there's very little research funded on Asian American health.

The Trevor Project's 2021 National Survey on LGBTQ Youth Mental Health is the organization's third annual, cross-sectional national survey of LGBTQ youth across the United States. We hope this report elevates the voices and experiences of diverse LGBTQ youth, providing insights that can be used by researchers, policymakers, and the many organizations working to support LGBTQ youth around the world.

The story of how systemic racism took root in policy and addiction treatment dates back to 1800s. Here's what history and research reveal.

This tool draws from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (2000-2016) to provide a snapshot of the U.S. Psychology Workforce on race/ethnicity, age and disability status.

Overview of the demographic and educational characteristics, employment settings, direct patient/client care provision, and other provider-related information for licensed health service psychologists in the United States.

I wouldn’t wish my situation on anyone, but I keep fighting because I know there are so many women who aren’t able to begin this battle.

To build a more equitable future, examine the past

Since 2015, The Post has created a database cataloging every fatal shooting nationwide by a police officer in the line of duty.

The Society Pages (TSP) is an open-access social science project headquartered in the Department of Sociology at the University of Minnesota

Nearly a third of the nurses who've died of coronavirus in the US are Filipino, even though Filipino nurses make up just 4% of the nursing population nationwide.

This report describes COVID-19-associated mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native persons compared with non-Hispanic White persons.