Research & Academic Scholarship

Anti-racist syllabus by Ibram X. Kendi: beginning

The Globe collected 10 years worth of public records from the Boston Police Department and created this database. Records include an internal investigations log, discipline, awards, case summaries, arbitration and civil service decisions, and payroll. The database covers 3,095 internal affairs cases involving 7,500 total allegations and data regarding 1,553 officers. One case may contain multiple allegations and multiple officers. The BPD records have holes. Pending cases do not include officers’ names and neither do some completed cases. In all, about 1,840 charges belong to officers whose identity was not released. Some officers in the database are no longer on the force, and some may have changed rank. The data spans January 2010 to August 2020.

The repeal of a controversial law means previously secret allegations of misconduct have now been made public

Officers and officials also donated to fundraisers for far-right activists and fellow officers accused of shooting black Americans

A new report from the National Governors Association gives states recommendations on how they can close their digital divides as the pandemic drags on.

As anti-Asian attacks continue, three victims come forward to share their experiences and the change they hope to inspire.

Implicit racial bias remains widespread, even among individuals who explicitly reject prejudice. One reason for the persistence of implicit bias may be that it is maintained through structural and historical inequalities that change slowly. We investigated the historical persistence of implicit bias by comparing modern implicit bias with the proportion of the population enslaved in those counties in 1860. Counties and states more dependent on slavery before the Civil War displayed higher levels of pro-White implicit bias today among White residents and less pro-White bias among Black residents. These associations remained significant after controlling for explicit bias. The association between slave populations and implicit bias was partially explained by measures of structural inequalities. Our results support an interpretation of implicit bias as the cognitive residue of past and present structural inequalities.

To overcome the obstacles of measuring racial attitudes, Pew Research Center conducted an Implicit Association Test (IAT), a technique that psychologists say measures subconscious or “hidden” bias by tracking how quickly individuals associate good and bad words with specific racial groups.

Asian-Americans tend be held to high expectations in the U.S. Terms such as “Asian advantage” and “model minority” are the cultural expectations placed on Asian-Americans as a group that each individual will be highly intelligent, wealthy, self-reliant and obedient, and live the “American dream.” Not living up to these stereotypes and expectations places a great burden on the individual and often makes her/him feel inadequate. Perceived racial discrimination has been associated with several negative mental health outcomes, including higher psychological distress, suicidal ideation, state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression. The facts are that Asian-Americans are a diverse group of individuals, with diverse experiences.

This glossary describes terms related to structural racism and terms used to promote racial equity analysis. It was created by the Aspen Institute Roundtable on Community Change, a group that worked with leading innovators to produce strong and reliable frameworks for successful and sustainable community change and development.

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The Journal of Hate Studies is an annual peer-reviewed publication of the Gonzaga University Institute for Hate Studies.The Journal of Hate Studies is an international scholarly journal promoting the sharing of interdisciplinary ideas and research relating to the study of what hate is, where it comes from, and how to combat it.  It presents cutting-edge essays, theory, and research that deepen the understanding of the development and expression of hate.View the complete list of issues by theme.

Creating a just and inclusive society where all have the opportunity to succeed

Redlining in New Deal America

Project Implicit is a non-profit organization and international collaboration between researchers who are interested in implicit social cognition - thoughts and feelings outside of conscious awareness and control. The goal of the organization is to educate the public about hidden biases and to provide a “virtual laboratory” for collecting data on the Internet.

Throughout the summer of 2017, the Citizen Justice Initiative team researched the history surrounding Charlottesville’s Confederate statues to create a StoryMap entitled “The Illusion of Progress: Charlottesville’s Roots in White Supremacy.” The resource builds on extensive work by members of the Charlottesville and University community, who collected sources, made presentations, wrote think pieces, and created syllabi to educate onlookers, activists, and curious citizens about the roots of white supremacy locally and beyond.

The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) stands firmly with people throughout the world protesting police brutality and systemic oppression following the recent, brutal killings of Black Americans including George Floyd in Minnesota, Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia, and Breonna Taylor in Kentucky.

Nashville Police Officer Andrew Delke: All I was doing was following my training which is, you shoot until the threat is neutralized.

Author(s): Lawson, Madison | Abstract: In this argumentative research essay, the idea of an intersectional lens is used examine the class and race of women who are victims of police brutality. With stories of African-American women in low economic cities, it is clear that minority women are more likely to fall victim due to their neighborhood they live in and because of their stereotype of being weak. African-American women are being sexually assaulted and murdered by police and then never receive justice because the media, who can share the story often; however, their stories are never told. In this essay, stories of different types of police assault are told to elucidate the harsh reality that black women face in their own neighborhoods.

As we reflect on racism and anti-racism, the Roper Center continues to identify and make available all public opinion surveys of Black Americans in the Roper data archive. We highlight these surveys of Black Americans, dating back to 1945, to remember and amplify the voices of these individuals. We have also made available more than eight decades of public opinion data on how the U.S. public views Black America. These data provide historical insight into how racial attitudes have changed in the United States and how the public currently views topics such as police brutality, race relations, and social movements for racial equality. We are making all of this data, which can be accessed below, freely available to the public.

In 1968, almost 50 years ago, the Supreme Court validated, in a case called Terry v. Ohio (1968), a common police practice known as stop and frisk, so long as an officer could justify the action on the basis of a newly developed standard: reasonable suspicion. Today, policing agencies use stop and frisk prophylactically, stopping in some cities tens or even hundreds of thousands of people annually. These developments and the litigation around the strategy in New York City and elsewhere provide an opportunity to revisit Terry and to consider recent research in law and social science regarding stop and frisk. This review focuses on three issues: the evolution of legal doctrine pertaining to stop and frisk, arguments regarding the effectiveness of stop and frisk as a mechanism to control and reduce crime, and a delineation of the relevance of the theory of procedural justice to our understanding of the interleaving of the law and social science of stop and frisk.

Blacks and whites in the U.S. disagree over police performance and differ on the causes of fatal encounters between blacks and police.

Buried within Adelante is evidence of a fleeting attempt at prison reform and oversight in Connecticut. Is history repeating itself?

This continuous publication journal is is the primary publication for peer-reviewed articles relating to all forms of coercive confinement, including imprisonme...

Recent controversial interactions of police with the public have become an issue of important concern for public and governmental leaders, who have openly quest...

This article examines critical issues regarding criminal profiling, its misuse by law enforcement, and its utility to solve serious crimes with the technique, hereinafter known and called "Criminal Profiling". The specific issue under investigation is the misuse of criminal profiling in the United States, and its impact on African Americans, and other minorities. In that realm, a discussion and analysis of the importance of criminal profiling, the development of criminal profiling and, the misuse of criminal profiling as a critical issue in the 21st century are analyzed.