An Associated Press analysis finds that the number of Black students enrolling at many elite colleges has dropped in the two years since the Supreme Court banned affirmative action in admissions.

The move comes after Ivy League universities Columbia and Brown struck settlements that require them to release information about applicants’ race.

Affirmative action has long been controversial. Proponents say it’s a way to address historical discrimination. On Thursday, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in two cases to strike down race as a factor in admissions processes.The decision's impact will be tough to measure in nine states, including Arizona, that already bar public universities from considering race in admissions.Since 2010, Arizona hasn’t allowed public universities to consider race. But private universities were still able to, to an extent.

Colleges across the country will be forced to stop considering race in admissions under Thursday’s Supreme Court ruling, ending affirmative action policies that date back decades.