If your institution has CIDI Labs (a plugin for Canvas), you should check out these guides. In particular, I recommend enabling the "advanced" features.
This page details the CSS class names you can use in Canvas. The style guide is no longer being updated BUT after some researching, it seems the class names included will continue to work in Canvas for the foreseeable future. Note that form elements (e.g. ) are stripped from the content editor so you can't really use the HTML in the "Forms" section of the guide.
This page goes over creating accessible tables with multiple headers, different sized rows and columns, and other irregularities. There's some work that goes into making tables accessible and many LMSs do not use good defaults (for example, Canvas does not add a header row to tables by default).
Having accessible images online is about more than alt text. For example, what are you supposed to do if you're using an image as a link? Follow the guides in this tutorial to ensure your images are accessibility.
WAVE is a web accessibility checker from the folks at WebAIM. I recommend using their browser extension to check the accessibility of any pages you're creating online. I find WAVE does better than the built-in accessibility checker in your LMS.