ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is one of the most widely read about topic in the area of systems connectivity. The OSI layer consists of 7 layers, viz Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Datalink, and Physical. Each of these layers have been explained in detail. Relationship between OSI model and network devices has been given.

The article provides a detailed procedure for noise figure measurements. Noise figure measurement is one of the most important parameter in the receive chain of the satellite - to - ground station link. The signals received at the antenna are very weak and requires a low noise amplifier to keep the noise below the threshold level.

Provides articles on rf cable measurement, noise and impedance measurements, cable assembly testing, and others. The articles are useful for working professionals working in the area of rf and satcom. Online cable testing tutorial provides various parameters that are necessary for characterizing a cable assembly.

The article discusses various types of SMT components and the the assembly techniques in PCB manufacture and quality assurance. SMT, short for Surface Mount Technology, is a technique used by electronics manufacturers to minimize the surface area consumed by the electronic components, a miniaturisation technique to achieve higher component densities and lower power consumption and reduce heat dissipation. Several important technologies associated with electronic PCB manufacturing have been discussed.