Generative artificial intelligence provides both opportunities and challenges for higher education. Existing literature has not properly investigated how this technology would impact assessment in higher education. This scoping review took a forward-thinking approach to investigate how generative artificial intelligence transforms assessment in higher education. We used the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to select articles for review and report the results. In the screening, we retrieved 969 articles and selected 32 empirical studies for analysis. Most of the articles were published in 2023. We used three levels—students, teachers, and institutions—to analyses the articles. Our results suggested that assessment should be transformed to cultivate students’ self-regulated learning skills, responsible learning, and integrity. To successfully transform assessment in higher education, the review suggested that (i) teacher professional development activities for assessment, AI, and digital literacy should be provided, (ii) teachers’ beliefs about human and AI assessment should be strengthened, and (iii) teachers should be innovative and holistic in their teaching to reflect the assessment transformation. Educational institutions are recommended to review and rethink their assessment policies, as well as provide more inter-disciplinary programs and teaching.

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About two-thirds of teachers report regularly using tools for detecting AI-generated content. At that scale, even tiny error rates can add up quickly.

It is worthwhile spending some time on social media to see the relentless bombardment faced by students from influencers peddling AI tools that straddle the line between aiding study and blatantly enabling cheating. These influencers flourish is contradictions and promise the moon: complete your homework in five minutes flat, forget about ever attending another lecture, let AI take up the pen for you. In each pitch, the essence of learning is overshadowed by a pervasive call to save time. Welcome to the dizzying world of AI influencer culture, where the pursuit of profit drives companies to use influencers as direct conduits to push their products onto students.