JALN: Does one size fit all? Exploring Asynchronous learning in a multicultural environment
Small-scale study of cultural differences in an asynchronous learning environment, focusing on high and low context cultures. Includes a comparison of student perceptions of online learning based on their cultural background. High and low context learners both saw advantages to online learning, but their reasons differ.
Because computer mediated communications is language (specifically, written
word) dependant, it is subject to the constraints of low/high context
cultural patterns <a href="#morse46">[46]</a>. As indicated earlier, the
role of language is to carry meaning, and interpretation is an integral
part of culture. Language is one means of establishing context among participants
of a particular culture group. In low context cultures, language must
be specific and well defined, to provide the contextual definition in
which to interpret the communication. On the other hand, in a high context
culture language may be vague, lacking the specificity of the low context
culture, as the environment within which communication takes place clarifies
the specific meaning of language <a href="#morse36">[36,</a> <a href="#morse41">41]</a>.
Thus language plays a key role in the communication process. A key issue
determining the success of computer mediated communication is the encoding/decoding
by which that communication is done. Given that computer-mediated communication
is a textual (electronic) rather than a visual (face-to-face) medium,
meaning must be carried by the language itself rather than relying on
the environmental context as the means of communication and/or interpretation.
Given this relationship, because the language of communication is English,
low context communication is presumed, thus perhaps disadvantaging those
whose cultural background relies on high context communication.
Interestingly,
low context participants concentrate on the participation environment,
while high context participants concentrate on their individual work/effort
and/or skills in the discussion.
Noticeably
however, the responses indicate that cultural background directly influences
the priority of perceived benefits received and challenges posed from
the same asynchronous communication network. The perceptions are based
on learning patterns which are developed as part of a participants’
ethnic/cultural development, and are potentially challenged by participation
in an asynchronous communication network, which of itself is implicitly
culturally based. Further, high context participants in an asynchronously
delivered seminar, while assured of higher quality participation through
an offline ability to infer meaning through low context communications,
are at least initially more likely to be disadvantaged by technology differences
as well as the communications norms implicit in their cultural background.
