The Exploitation, Injustice, and Waste Powering Our AI
“Alexa, what time is it?” It’s a simple question that any person with a watch can answer with minimal effort. But when you ask an Amazon Echo the same question, a vast system powered by natural resources and human labor is activated to drum up the answer. As many of us reckon with Silicon Valley’s impact on the world and consider how it has upended life, work, and even democracy, we also must consider the infrastructure–and the tangible harm it can do–that usually remains hidden beneath these seemingly simple user experiences. It’s an aspect of AI that is nearly impossible to comprehend, let alone visualize, but a new map created by the AI researcher Kate Crawford and data visualization specialist Vladan Joler attempts this dizzying task anyway. Joler and Crawford met at a retreat put on by the Mozilla Foundation, and they began talking about what it would take to visualize the entire system that undergirds voice assistants, something that’s completely obscured by the simple, rounded industrial design of the Echo and its competitors. “The mineral extraction, smelting, logistics, fiber optic cables, networking, AI training, energy, and e-waste . . . it’s an almost impossible task, requiring a mind-boggling scale,” Crawford says. “So we started by drawing multiple version on butcher’s paper, and it took dozens of sheets.” From there, Joler and Crawford took a year to research every piece of the Echo’s supply chain, uncover the hidden human labor that most of us don’t think about when we query a voice assistant, and put it in historical, geological, and anthropological context.