H5N1 Molecular

(1) Background: The emergence of H5N1 Influenza A viruses clade 2.3.3.4b since 2020, have caused the mortality of thousands of birds/mammals worldwide, through evolu-tionary changes have been associated with acquired mutations and posttranslational modifications. (2) Methods: This study aimed to compare the mutational profile of H5N1 avian Influenza virus isolated from a Peruvian natural reserve, with recent data from other related international studies made in human and different species of domestic and wild birds and mammals. Briefly, the near complete protein sequences of Influenza virus coming from a Calidris alba were analyzed in a multisegmented level, altogether with 55 samples collected between 2022-2024 in different countries. Moreover, the glycosylation patterns were also predicted in silico. (3) Results: A total of 603 amino acid changes were found among H5N1 viruses analyzed, underscoring the detection of critical mutations HA:143T, HA:156A, HA:208K, NA: 71S, NP:52H, PA:336M, PA:36T, PA:85A/N, PB1-F2:66S, PB2:199S, PB2:292V, PB2:559T, as well as PA:86I, PA:432I, PA:558L, HA:492D, NA:70D, NS1-83P, PB1:515A, PA-X:57Q, PB1-F2:22E, NS1-21Q, NEP:67G, among others, considered of importance under One Health perspective. Similarly, changes in the N-linked glycosylation sites (NLGs) predicted in both HA and NA proteins were found, highlighting the loss/acquisition or changes in some NLGs sites such as 209NNTN, 100 NPTT, 302NSSM (HA) and 70NNTN, 68NISS, 50NGSV (NA). (4) Conclu-sions: This study provides our understanding about the evolution of current Influenza A viruses H5N1 HPAIV circulating globally. These findings outline the importance of sur-veillance updating mutational profiles and glycosylation patterns of these highly evolved virus.

Cross-reactive αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing multiple peptide variants can provide effective control of rapidly evolving viruses yet remain understudied. By screening 12 naturally occurring influenza-derived HLA-B*35:01-restricted nucleoprotein (NP)sub418-426/sub epitopes (B*35:01-NP …

We report the detection of a clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) reassortant virus with a neuraminidase surface protein derived from a North American lineage low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. This virus caused a widespread and ongoing outbreak across 45 poultry farms in British Columbia, Canada. Isolates fro …

The women, ages 72 and 56, were both from Guangdong province in southern China.

Canada has reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N5 avian influenza on a non-commercial backyard layer poultry farm in the eastern part of the country, the World Organisation for Animal Health said on Tuesday.

Correction to: An Update on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus, Clade 2.3.4.4b

The flu has hit Minnesota especially hard this season, sending more than 5,600 people to the hospital and threatening to help bird flu mutate and become a more serious public health risk.

As cases of seasonal influenza surge, health officials are closely monitoring a growing threat—the potential fusion of human and bird flu strains.

What Makes the Bird Flu Virus So Unusual?

H5N1 is a human creation

Both patients, boys ages 2 and 15 years old, are from Hunan province in southern China.

CDC has sequenced the influenza viruses in specimens collected from the patient in Louisiana who was

Scientists are raising the alarm over a potential new pandemic virus that could be emerging in California. They fear that H5N1 could swap genes with another H5 virus, potentially creating a more dangerous strain of the disease.

Amid a shakeup in U.S. science, researchers are expressing alarm over the integrity of key genetic databases overseen by the NIH.

Ugh. Moo.

Reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N2) clade 2.3.4.4.b viruses were detected from ducks and environmental samples in Egypt, June 2024. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed a novel genotype produced by reassortment of an A(H5N1) clade 2.3.3.4b virus with an A(H9N2) G1-like virus. …

Bird flu, or avian influenza, is spreading among livestock and other mammals in the United States, raising concerns that another pandemic may be looming. Last month, California declared a state of emergency due to rising cases in dairy cattle, and there have been over 65 human cases in the U.S. during this outbreak. While cases have been largely mild and risk to the public is still considered low, scientists warn it could evolve and become more dangerous. Curious about other health updates? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.

A new report found 34 potential genetic mutations which could increase the possibility of transmission of avian flu from animals to humans.

Two European regulators said on Wednesday they were tracking variants of the bird flu virus due to the threat of the pathogen adapting to spread between humans and triggering future pandemics.

The risk that avian influenza viruses will adapt better to humans is increasing. Rapid detection of genetic changes in these types of viruses and rapid

Avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a significant global threat, with periodic reemergence in Iraq. This study marks the first molecular characterization of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in seagulls. The H5N1 AIV was identified during outbreaks in 2024 at Dukan Lak …

A different strain of H5N9 has shown up in U.S. birds before.

PARIS: A new strain of bird flu has been confirmed at a duck farm in California, the first time the variant has been discovered in poultry in the United States,

The finding at a California duck farm is raising alarms among public health experts that bird flu could further mutate into “unpredictable new viruses.”

How did H5N9 influenza infect a commercial duck farm in California, and what is the likelihood we will see more of this viral subtype? Here is what we know so far.

Bird flu has decimated poultry flocks and infected cattle herds. The risk to humans is currently low, but that could easily change as influenza can rapidly change.