How to erase a Macҳ drive in macOS Catalina, Big Sur, or Monterey

With macOS Catalina, Apple changed macOSҳ structure on a startup volume. Instead of a single commingled set of system and data files, with Apple trying to ensure the integrity and immutability of system files, the company split it into two parts: a system volume and a Data volume. The two are melded together into a [ŝ