𝍤 The one exception is in the 14th Amendment: it says “…any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”.
There, it’s clearly drawing an intentional distinction, saying that only the “privileges” and “immunities” apply only to citizens, and that “due process” and “equal protection” apply to “any person”.
With the one exception of the privileges and immunities clause, everywhere that the Constitution says that anyone has a right, it says that every person does. Including in the very same sentence as the one with the exception for privileges (which are, by definition, not “rights”) and immunities.