Covid19-Sources

Author summary While the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak continues, the deployment of vaccines in many regions has blunted the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections and decreased hospitalizations. However, the medium-term impacts of the duration of severity-blocking immunity, and its potential interactions with heterogeneous vaccine uptake (e.g. from vaccine hesitancy) or more robust vaccines, remain unknown. To titrate these effects, we use immuno-epidemiological models to examine potential future scenarios. We find that sufficient vaccine hesitancy (and correspondingly higher vaccination rates among adopters) can rapidly increase the fraction of individuals infected after waned severity-blocking immunity even when robust vaccines are deployed. This result underlines that pharmaceutical developments for broadly protective vaccines should be combined with campaigns to increase vaccine uptake globally. We also show that this fraction is highly dependent on underlying immune uncertainties, which illustrates the importance of accurately measuring immune parameters for proper prediction based on hospitalization data.

Genf – Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) fordert angesichts zunehmender Coronainfektionen Impfkampagnen für Risikogruppen. Die Impfraten für ältere Menschen...

- the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on cardiac cells (and mitochondrial dysfunction!), - a treatment to be investigated, and - how this is NOT caused by mRNA vaccines! Buckle up, we're diving in... 1/ — Nick #RespiratorsFilterPathogens😷 Anderegg (@NickAnderegg)

Waiting two days after symptoms brings that rate down to 70%. 4/ — Vipin M. Vashishtha (@vipintukur)

This bizarre alternation remains a deep mystery, at least as far as I know. 1/3 — Ryan Hisner (@LongDesertTrain)

Nature Communications - In this study, the authors report the small molecule inhibitor EDP-235 as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 and show that it is effective against a range of variants and...

Study reveals that unvaccinated individuals experience significant long-term changes in immune parameters up to ten months post-COVID-19 infection, with a shift towards a Th2 cytokine profile.

Vielen Pat nach Infektion fällt der schnellere Puls auf. Manchen nicht. Diagnostiziert wird POTS mittels Schellong- — Dr.C.Werner (@DrCWerner)

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) could cause significant human and economic damage owing to increased infectivity and transmissibility, and understanding their characteristics is crucial for infection control. Here, we analyzed differences in viral stability and disinfection efficacy between the Wuhan strain and all VOCs. On plastic and skin surfaces, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants exhibited more than two-fold longer survival than the Wuhan strain, and the Omicron variant had the longest survival time. Specifically, survival times of the Wuhan strain, Alpha variant, Beta variant, Gamma variant, Delta variant, and Omicron variant on skin surfaces were 8.6 h (95% CI, 6.5–10.9 h), 19.6 h (95% CI, 14.8–25.3 h), 19.1 h (95% CI, 13.9– 25.3 h), 11.0 h (95% CI, 8.1–14.7 h), 16.8 h (95% CI, 13.1–21.1 h), and 21.1 h (95% CI, 15.8– 27.6 h), respectively. In vitro , disinfectant effectiveness evaluations showed that Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron were slightly more resistant to ethanol than the Wuhan strain. However, ex vivo evaluation showed that on human skin, all viruses were completely inactivated by exposure to 35 w/w % ethanol for 15 s. The high environmental stability of these VOCs could increase transmission risk and contribute to spread. Additionally, the Omicron variant might have been replaced by the Delta variant due to its increased environmental stability and rapid spread. To prevent VOC spread, it is highly recommended that current infection control practices use disinfectants with appropriate ethanol concentrations. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

Finden Sie heraus, wie lange das Coronavirus auf welcher Oberfläche überlebt. ✓Corona-Infektion ✓Ansteckung ✓Übertragung. Sicher gehen!

Background Studying individuals with varying symptoms, from mild to severe, can provide valuable insights into the spectrum of cognitive outcomes after COVID-19. We investigated the cognitive performance of adults who recovered from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) without prior cognitive complaints, considering mild (not hospitalized), moderate (ward), and severe (intensive care unit) symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study included 302 patients who recovered from COVID-19 (mild, n = 102; moderate, n = 102; severe, n = 98). We assessed intellectual quotient (IQ), attention, memory, processing speed, visual-constructive ability, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, at least eighteen months after infection. The mean length of hospitalization was Mdays=8.2 (SD = 3.9) and Mdays=14.4 (SD = 8.2) in the moderate and severe groups, respectively. Results Cognitive difficulties were present in all three groups: mild (n = 12, 11.7%), moderate (n = 40, 39.2%), and severe (n = 48, 48.9%). Using Multinomial Logistic Regression and considering the odds ratio, our results indicated that a one-point increase in sustained attention, visual memory, and working memory might decrease the odds of being categorized in the severe group by 20%, 24%, and 77%, respectively, compared to the mild group. Conclusions Our findings provide empirical evidence regarding the long-term cognitive effects of COVID-19, particularly in individuals experiencing severe manifestations of the disease. We also highlighted the need for a comprehensive, multidimensional approach in rehabilitation programs to address the enduring cognitive impacts of COVID-19.

Background Studying individuals with varying symptoms, from mild to severe, can provide valuable insights into the spectrum of cognitive outcomes after COVID-19. We investigated the cognitive performance of adults who recovered from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) without prior cognitive complaints, considering mild (not hospitalized), moderate (ward), and severe (intensive care unit) symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study included 302 patients who recovered from COVID-19 (mild, n = 102; moderate, n = 102; severe, n = 98). We assessed intellectual quotient (IQ), attention, memory, processing speed, visual-constructive ability, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, at least eighteen months after infection. The mean length of hospitalization was Mdays=8.2 (SD = 3.9) and Mdays=14.4 (SD = 8.2) in the moderate and severe groups, respectively. Results Cognitive difficulties were present in all three groups: mild (n = 12, 11.7%), moderate (n = 40, 39.2%), and severe (n = 48, 48.9%). Using Multinomial Logistic Regression and considering the odds ratio, our results indicated that a one-point increase in sustained attention, visual memory, and working memory might decrease the odds of being categorized in the severe group by 20%, 24%, and 77%, respectively, compared to the mild group. Conclusions Our findings provide empirical evidence regarding the long-term cognitive effects of COVID-19, particularly in individuals experiencing severe manifestations of the disease. We also highlighted the need for a comprehensive, multidimensional approach in rehabilitation programs to address the enduring cognitive impacts of COVID-19.

Research indicates that while the most severe effects of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in patients with acute COVID-19, individuals who experienced milder cases and were not hospitalized also reported symptoms of memory loss and attention deficits lasting over 18 months post-infection. Memory loss and

Scientific Reports - Increased levels of circulating cell-free DNA in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure

Objectives Studies have reported high incidences of stroke in patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2, but the impact of disease severity is unexplored. We aimed to estimate the risk of incident ischaemic stroke in SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals compared with test-negative individuals stratified by disease severity during acute infection and post infection. Design A register-based cohort study. Setting A Danish nationwide study. Participants All Danish adults who had PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 performed between 1 March 2020 and 30 November 2021. Test-positive individuals were included at their first positive test. For individuals tested prior to 30 November 2021, we randomly sampled an index date from the distribution of test dates among SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals. Test-positive individuals were followed during the acute phase of infection (days 0–14) and post infection (180 days after the acute phase). Test-negative individuals were followed in equivalent time periods. Primary and secondary outcome measures Incident ischaemic stroke risk in SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals compared with test-negative individuals during acute infection and post infection. We calculated subdistribution HRs (SHR) with death as a competing risk using propensity score weighting as confounder control. The risk was stratified according to disease severity: community managed, hospitalised, or admission to the intensive care unit. Results Among 3 910 219 SARS-CoV-2 PRC-tested individuals, 356 421 test-positive and 3 067 456 test-negative individuals were included. A positive SARS-CoV-2 test was associated with an SHR of 3.32 (95% CI 2.60 to 4.25) overall for stroke compared with test negative in the acute phase. In the postinfection period, the risk of stroke remained increased in individuals hospitalised during the acute phase (SHR 1.85, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.37). Individuals with community-managed SARS-CoV-2 had no increased long-term risk of stroke (SHR 1.01, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.16). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased stroke risk. Disease severity seems to be an important factor. Individuals with community-managed SARS-CoV-2 had no increased stroke risk. Data are available upon reasonable request. According to Danish law, data from the Danish national health registers is not allowed to be shared. However, any researcher can apply the Danish health authorities for access to data.

A combination of human behavior and immunity, the environment, and SARS-CoV-2 itself explains why the virus surges during both hotter and colder months

Studies show that vaccination against COVID during pregnancy provides a powerful safeguard for vulnerable infants too young to receive the vaccine on their own

A recent study suggests that Paxlovid is ineffective at treating symptoms in people with mild illness or those who have been fully vaccinated. It is still a lifesaving medication in vulnerable groups

Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, acute and long term, suggest SARS-CoV-2 affects both the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS/CNS). Although studies have shown olfactory and hematogenous invasion into the CNS, coinciding with neuroinflammation, little attention has been paid to susceptibility of the PNS to infection or to its contribution to CNS invasion. Here we show that sensory and autonomic neurons in the PNS are susceptible to productive infection with SARS-CoV-2 and outline physiological and molecular mechanisms mediating neuroinvasion. Our infection of K18-hACE2 mice, wild-type mice, and golden Syrian hamsters, as well as primary peripheral sensory and autonomic neuronal cultures, show viral RNA, proteins, and infectious virus in PNS neurons, satellite glial cells, and functionally connected CNS tissues. Additionally, we demonstrate, in vitro, that neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 neuronal entry. SARS-CoV-2 rapidly invades the PNS prior to viremia, establishes a productive infection in peripheral neurons, and results in sensory symptoms often reported by COVID-19 patients.

Background The COVID-19 has been shown to have negative effects on the cardiovascular system, but it is unclear how long these effects last in college students. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of COVID-19 on arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and blood pressure in college students. Methods We enrolled 37 college students who had been infected with COVID-19 for more than 2 months. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelial function, while arterial stiffness was evaluated using the ABI Systems 100, including variables such as ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). Results Our results showed that FMD was significantly impaired after COVID-19 infection (p

Nature Microbiology - Characterizing infection, pathogenesis and transmission of BANAL-52 and BANAL-236 in primary respiratory cells, mice and hamsters shows how viruses closely related to...

München – Kinder, die sich wegen des Nachweises von 2 oder mehr Inselzellantikörpern im Blut im Vorstadium der Erkrankung befanden, sind während der Pandemie... #JAMA

A new COVID variant is spreading. Here's what you need to know about the incubation period, symptoms and when to take a test.

Die Inkubationszeit bei Corona dauert aktuell 5 Tage im Durchschnitt. Ada Health erklärt, was das heißt und ob es Unterschiede zur Omikron-Variante gibt.

Berlin/Potsdam – Eine Berliner Verkäuferin hat nach einer Coronaerkrankung erfolglos vor Gericht darum gekämpft, dass diese als Arbeitsunfall anerkannt wird. Es... #COVID19 #Infektion #Arbeitsplatz #Klage #Berlin

The CDC’s wastewater monitoring program has detected a “very high” presence of the virus in nearly half the country

SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in 2019 and has disseminated throughout the globe to pandemic levels, imposing significant health and economic burdens. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed, their long-term efficacy and specificity have not been determined, and antiviral drugs remain necessary. Flavonoids, which are commonly found in plants, fruits, and vegetables and are part of the human diet, have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their antiviral and antimicrobial activities and effects on other biological activities, such as inflammation. This study uses a combination of biochemical, cellular, molecular dynamics, and molecular docking experiments to provide compelling evidence that the flavonoid luteolin (2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one) has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) that is synergistically enhanced by magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C. The IC50 of luteolin against 2 µM 3CLpro is 78 µM and decreases 10-fold to 7.6 µM in the presence of zinc, magnesium, and vitamin C. Thermodynamic stability analyses revealed that luteolin has minimal effects on the structure of 3CLpro, whereas metal ions and vitamin C significantly alter the thermodynamic stability of the protease. Interactome analysis uncovered potential host–virus interactions and functional clusters associated with luteolin activity, supporting the relevance of this flavone for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on luteolin's therapeutic potential and provides insights into its mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2. The novel formulation of luteolin, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C may be an effective avenue for treating COVID-19 patients.

Objective To evaluate the personal protective effects of wearing versus not wearing surgical face masks in public spaces on self-reported respiratory symptoms over a 14 day period. Design Pragmatic randomised superiority trial. Setting Norway. Participants 4647 adults aged ≥18 years: 2371 were assigned to the intervention arm and 2276 to the control arm. Interventions Participants in the intervention arm were assigned to wear a surgical face mask in public spaces (eg, shopping centres, streets, public transport) over a 14 day period (mask wearing at home or work was not mentioned). Participants in the control arm were assigned to not wear a surgical face mask in public places. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was self-reported respiratory symptoms consistent with a respiratory infection. Secondary outcomes included self-reported and registered covid-19 infection. Results Between 10 February 2023 and 27 April 2023, 4647 participants were randomised of whom 4575 (2788 women (60.9%); mean age 51.0 (standard deviation 15.0) years) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 2313 (50.6%) in the intervention arm and 2262 (49.4%) in the control arm. 163 events (8.9%) of self-reported symptoms consistent with respiratory infection were reported in the intervention arm and 239 (12.2%) in the control arm. The marginal odds ratio was 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 0.87; P=0.001) favouring the face mask intervention. The absolute risk difference was −3.2% (95% CI −5.2% to −1.3%; P

We need open and nuanced discussions about research findings on public health and social interventions It has been both fascinating and disheartening to observe heated debates among academics about the use of face masks and various other covid-19 related issues, particularly on social media and mostly from the UK and North America. Large and vocal parts of the academic community seem to be split into two groups holding completely incompatible views, with each side equally convinced that they are right. This area of contention makes a constructive exchange of views and joint reflection almost unachievable, since facts and research findings have limited impact when positions are fixed from the outset. The lack of nuance from many or most participants, the frequent personal attacks on individuals, and the often harsh wording exchanged makes the discourse on face masks different to what we are typically used to, or aim for, in academia. After receiving several strong responses from researchers and health professionals when they published a study on face masks, the editors of the Annals of …