Covid19-Sources

Nature - The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF8 functions as a mimic of histone H3 to disrupt host cell epigenetic regulation.

Das pandemische Coronavirus stört eine Signalkette, so dass sich die DNA enger zusammenrollt

Early data based on clinical observations by attending physicians from hospitals along with genomic sequencing data in Singapore, United Kingdom, France and Australia shows that the two new SARS-CoV-2 variants BQ.1.1 and BM.1.1 tend to attack the endothelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract more aggressively with many patients irrespective of age or existing comorbidities exhibiting disease sev...

Uncontrolled SARS-CoV-2 transmission at school could disrupt the regular conduct of teaching activities, likely seeding the transmission into other settings, and increasing the burden on contact-tracing operations.

Atlanta/Georgia – Die Schutzwirkung einer COVID-19-Impfung lässt auch nach einer Boosterung relativ rasch nach. Dies zeigt eine neue Analyse des... #BMJ #Studie #COVID19 #Impfen

Tallahassee, Fla.— Today, State Surgeon General Dr. Joseph A. Ladapo has announced new guidance regarding mRNA vaccines. The Florida Department of Health (Department) conducted an analysis through a self-controlled case series, which is a technique originally developed to evaluate vaccine safety.

This comprehensive Italian contact tracing study shows clearly that -COVID spreads far more easily in the schools than in the community.-Household spread was a major amplifier of childhood infection.H/T @dgurdasani1https://t.co/pJKnxJq60A pic.twitter.com/A1RmUDeRYd— Bob Morris, MD, PhD 🇺🇦 (@rdmorris) October 4, 2022

Background: Vaccine safety monitoring systems worldwide have reported cases of myocarditis/pericarditis after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna), especially among younger male persons 0 to 7 days after they received dose 2 (1, 2). Less is known about the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after booster doses. Objective: To estimate the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis during days 0 to 7 after mRNA vaccination by age, sex, dose number, and product.

New report on myocarditis after mRNA Covid vaccines w/verification of cases https://t.co/XXQbyeLiSP @AnnalsofIM Overall incidence ages 5-39 1st dose: 1 in 200,0002nd dose: 1 in 30,0003rd dose: 1 in 50,000"the benefits of mRNA vaccination greatly outweigh the risk" pic.twitter.com/xKErK7M0EQ— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) October 3, 2022

Hier ein kurzes Update zu Corona.Wir haben zusammen mit mehreren anderen Gruppen drei verschiedene Szenarien berechnet und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Kurz, wir sind (im Vergelich zu den vergangenen Wintern) relativ optimistisch.(1/N)— Viola Priesemann (@ViolaPriesemann) October 7, 2022

Research suggests immune response may be cause of delirium and brain fog in Covid patients

Background We aimed to systematically review the magnitude and duration of the protective effectiveness of prior infection (PE) and hybrid immunity (HE) against Omicron infection and severe disease. Methods We searched pre-print and peer-reviewed electronic databases for controlled studies from January 1, 2020, to June 1, 2022. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I)-Tool. We used random-effects meta-regression to estimate the magnitude of protection at 1-month intervals and the average change in protection since the last vaccine dose or infection from 3 months to 6 or 12 months. We compared our estimates of PE and HE to previously published estimates of the magnitude and durability of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron. Findings Eleven studies of prior infection and 15 studies of hybrid immunity were included. For prior infection, there were 97 estimates (27 at moderate RoB and 70 at serious RoB), with the longest follow up at 15 months. PE against hospitalization or severe disease was 82.5% [71.8-89.7%] at 3 months, and 74.6% [63.1-83.5%] at 12 months. PE against reinfection was 65.2% [52.9-75.9%] at 3 months, and 24.7% [16.4-35.5%] at 12 months. For HE, there were 153 estimates (78 at moderate RoB and 75 at serious RoB), with the longest follow up at 11 months for primary series vaccination and 4 months for first booster vaccination. Against hospitalization or severe disease, HE involving either primary series vaccination or first booster vaccination was consistently 95% for the available follow up. Against reinfection, HE involving primary series vaccination was 69.0% [58.9-77.5%] at 3 months after the most recent infection or vaccination, and 41.8% [31.5-52.8%] at 12 months, while HE involving first booster vaccination was 68.6% [58.8-76.9%] at 3 months, and 46.5% [36.0-57.3%] at 6 months. Against hospitalization or severe disease at 6 months, hybrid immunity with first booster vaccination (effectiveness 95.3% [81.9-98.9%]) or with primary series alone (96.5% [90.2-98.8%]) provided significantly greater protection than prior infection alone (80.1% [70.3-87.2%]), first booster vaccination alone (76.7% [72.5-80.4%]), or primary series alone (64.6% [54.5-73.6%]). Results for protection against reinfection were similar. Interpretation Prior infection and hybrid immunity both provided greater and more sustained protection against Omicron than vaccination alone. All protection estimates waned quickly against infection but remained high for hospitalisation or severe disease. Individuals with hybrid immunity had the highest magnitude and durability of protection against all outcomes, reinforcing the global imperative for vaccination. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Clinical Protocols ### Funding Statement This work was supported by WHO through funding from the WHO Solidarity Response Fund. The funders had no role in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The views of the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the official position of WHO. ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Data extracted from published articles and used in our analysis will be made available upon request after approval of a study proposal. Data provided to us directly by authors of the included studies will not be shared unless permission from the original study authors is provided. Obtaining these permissions will be the responsibility of the investigators making the request for data.

Ergebnisse:1. PE: Schützende Wirkung einer früheren Infektion➡️Für frühere Infektionen gab es 97 Schätzungen (27 bei moderater RoB* und 70 bei schwerer RoB)➡️Die längste Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 15 Monate.*RoB = Risk of bias = Risiko der Verzerrung 8/n pic.twitter.com/J17p1RXtzL— 𝘒𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘪𝘯 𝘌♭ 🎶 (@Musician1980) October 5, 2022

Die Zahl der Krankenhauseinweisungen aufgrund des neuartigen Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variierte in der Schweiz je nach Altersklasse bis zum 29.

University of Queensland researchers have discovered how COVID-19 damages the heart, opening the door to future treatments.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, typically manifests as a respiratory illness, although extrapulmonary involvement, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, as well as frequent thrombotic events, are increasingly recognised. How this maps onto SARS-CoV-2 organ tropism at …

Our findings show that non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection perturbs the plasma proteome for at least 6 weeks. The plasma proteomic signature at the time of seroconversion has the potential to identify which individuals are more likely to suffer from persistent symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Read the study (PDF Format) Read the Press release Read the study in French (PDF Format) Read the French Press release ————— Zero Covid strategy better protects health, but not only The G10 countries are far more affected by the pandemic in all aspects than the OECD countries that have opted for the Zero Covid …

Eine Frage an Prof. Kleinschnitz (@NeuroEssen): Warum kann man das Phantasieprodukt Long Covid im MRT nachweisen? Siehe folgenden Thread:— Pandaria (@PandaPandaria) September 7, 2022

The Nuvaxovid™ (NVX-CoV2373), a recombinant protein-based vaccine with feasible cold chain requirement, has been granted as a booster in several countries. Although NVX-CoV2373 booster vaccination presented promising immunogenicity, its cross-reactive immunogenicity against Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 has not been reported (3 ,4 ). From March to April of 2022, we prospectively recruited individuals scheduled to receive NVX-CoV2373, including those who had completed two-dose (n = 9, aged 19–49 years) or three-dose (n = 41, aged ≥60 years) vaccination approximately five months ago (Supplementary Fig. 1). They previously received either homologous or heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 (Supplementary Table 1). Anti-nuclear capsid protein (anti-N) antibodies were measured in these individuals to determine prior SARS-CoV-2 infection status using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Korea University Guro Hospital (2021GR0099) and International St. Mary's Hospital (S21MIME0045). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Reliable estimates of frequency, severity and associated factors of both fatigue and cognitive impairment after COVID-19 are needed. Also, it is not c…

Nature - Scientists hope the immunizations, delivered through the nose or mouth, will prevent even mild cases of illness.

Patents with COVID-19 may develop severe ocular involvement after COVID-19 due to a generalized reduction in immunity. Comorbidities and intensive care unit treatments can predispose COVID-19 patients to endogenous panophthalmitis.

Christina Pagel and Christian Yates consider what the pandemic has taught us about mathematical modelling in the UK and how it can be used more effectively ### Key messages Mathematical modelling underpinned much of the advice that the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) and others provided to the UK government during the pandemic. It should therefore be a focus of the UK covid inquiry’s examination of how and why decisions were made.1 Much of the modelling came from the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling (SPI-M), which gives expert advice to the Department of Health and Social Care and the wider UK government on emerging human infectious disease threats. Its members come from a range of UK institutions and their advice is based on infectious disease modelling and epidemiology.2 During the pandemic, SPI-M reported to SAGE. Modelling from the group has been influential throughout the pandemic, particularly during the first 18 months. For instance, “report 9” by the Imperial College modelling group3 was an important trigger for the UK government’s decision to implement a nationwide lockdown in March 2020. Projections from multiple independent modelling teams also informed the UK’s “roadmap” for release from lockdown in February 20214 and implementation of some further public health mandates under “plan B” measures in December 2021 during the first omicron wave.5 Modelling determined the vaccine priority groups in December 2020,6 which contributed to the UK’s successful vaccine rollout and …

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its sublineages show pronounced viral escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination or prior SARS-CoV-2 variant infection owing to over 30 amino acid alterations within the spike (S) glycoprotein. We and others have recently reported that breakthrough infection of vaccinated individuals with Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 are associated with distinct patterns of cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). BA.2 breakthrough infection mediated overall stronger cross-neutralization of BA.2 and its descendants (BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5) compared to BA.1 breakthrough infection. Here we characterized the effect of Omicron BA.4/BA.5 S glycoprotein exposure on the magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response upon breakthrough infection in vaccinated individuals and in mice upon booster vaccination. We show that immune sera from triple mRNA-vaccinated individuals with subsequent Omicron BA.4/BA.5 breakthrough infection display broad and robust neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5. Administration of a prototypic BA.4/BA.5-adapted mRNA booster vaccine to mice following SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain-based primary immunization is associated with similarly broad neutralizing activity. Immunization of naïve mice with a bivalent mRNA vaccine (wild-type + Omicron BA.4/BA.5) induces strong and broad neutralizing activity against Omicron VOCs and previous variants. These findings suggest that when administered as boosters, mono- and bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted vaccines may enhance neutralization breadth, and in a bivalent format may also have the potential to confer protection to individuals with no pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2. ### Competing Interest Statement U.S. and O.T. are management board members and employees at BioNTech SE. A.M., B.G.L., M.B., A.W., A.T., A.G., C.C., V.M., G.J.V., J.M., T.Z., S.F., J.R., F.W., K.S., H.H., K.C.W., J.G., S.S., A.F., K.K., O.O., and A.B.V. are employees at BioNTech SE. K.G., N.K. and S.C. are employees at the University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt. Q.Y., H.C., and K.A.S. are employees of Pfizer and may hold stock options. U.S., O.T. A.B.V., A.G., T.Z., J.R., K.C.W. and A.M. are inventors on patents and patent applications related to RNA technology and COVID-19 vaccines. Q.Y, H.C., and K.A.S. are inventors on a patent application related to RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. U.S., O.T., A.M., B.G.L., K.K., A.W., M.B., A.F., A.T., A.G., V.M., G.J.S., A.B.V. and O.O. have securities from BioNTech SE. S.C. has received an honorarium for serving on a clinical advisory board for BioNTech.

Health-care workers who had received two doses of mRNA vaccine and had previous BA.1 infection were subsequently well protected for a prolonged period against BA.2 reinfection, with a third vaccine dose conferring no improvement to that hybrid protection. If this protection also pertains to future variants, there might be limited benefit from additional vaccine doses for people with hybrid immunity, depending on timing and variant.

Since April, 2022, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants of the omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern have been spreading globally with increased viral fitness and transmissibility. Omicron BA.5 subvariant is currently the predominant COVID-19 threat worldwide.1 With the emergence of the antigenically distinct variants of concern, either natural immunity or first-generation vaccine-induced immunity has failed to prevent transmission effectively. Booster (third or fourth) doses of vaccine play an important role in preventing symptomatic infection, although the boosting effect only lasts for several months.

@jeffgilchrist: COVID-19: Things everyone should know (Part 1: Immune System) With poor public health messaging, the general public doesn't seem to know some important things about how COVID-19 and the immune system...…

Can a nasal spray with Iota-Carrageenan be useful in the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in health care workers managing patients with COVID-19 disease?